Dar Al Islam - Abbasid Empire and Onward

Capital

Baghdad:The capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate, known for its cultural and educational significance.

Religious Tolerance

Islam was open to other religions, promoting coexistence.

Quran

The holy text of Islam, believed to contain the words of Allah as revealed to Muhammad.

Caliphate

A political state led by a Caliph, representing the Muslim community.

Caliph

The leader of the Caliphate and the Ummah, responsible for governance.

Umayyad Caliphate

The first major Islamic caliphate, existing from 661 to 750 CE.

Abbasid Caliphate

The caliphate that followed the Umayyad, known as the golden age of Islam (750-1258 CE).

Sunni and Shia

Two major sects in Islam, differing on the rightful successor to Muhammad.

Sufism

A mystical branch of Islam focusing on personal experiences with God, emerging in the 800s.

Lingua Franca

Arabic, the common language used across the Islamic world.

Ritual Prayer

Muslims perform prayers five times a day as a fundamental practice of their faith.

Pilgrimage to Mecca

A religious journey that Muslims are required to undertake at least once in their lifetime.

Trade and Agriculture

The Abbasids enhanced trade and agricultural methods, leading to increased prosperity.

Innovations

Muslim scholars contributed to various fields, including mathematics and science, preserving and advancing knowledge.

Nasir al Din al Tusi

A Persian scholar known for his work in trigonometry and astronomy.

Ibn Sina

A prominent scholar whose "Canon of Medicine" became a foundational medical text in Europe.

Fragmentation of Abbasid Caliphate

The division of the caliphate around 900 CE, leading to the rise of Turkic sultans.

Dar Al Islam

The Islamic world, characterized by shared religion, culture, and education.

Turkic Seljuk Dynasty

A dynasty that rose in the 11th-12th centuries, with many members converting to Islam.

Mongol Invasion

The 13th-century invasion that led to the fall of Baghdad and the destruction of the Horse of Wisdom.

Ottoman Empire

A significant Islamic empire that emerged in Anatolia.

Safavid Empire

An Islamic empire in Iran, known for its cultural and religious influence.

Mamluk Sultanate

A Muslim-ruled area in Egypt, significant in the Islamic world.

Delhi Sultanate

A Muslim-ruled region in Northern India, where conversion was often motivated by tax avoidance.

Seljuk Turks

A group that became prominent in the Islamic world, known for their conflicts with Crusaders and influence on art and culture.