Exam 3 - MRTS 3610 Sutton

What was Gramsci's term for describing cultural rule as a site of struggle?

Hegemony

Foucault used the term _____________ to identify an institutionalized way of speaking.

Discourse

In semiotics, __________ identifies a language system while ______________ identifies an utterance within that system.

Langue, Parole

Cultural studies originated in which country?

England

Stuart Hall identifies three ways to decode a text: preferred, negotiated, and _______________ .

Oppositional

Stuart Hall described a complex set of parameters that goes into encoding and decoding. Which one is NOT one of the three that Hall identifies?

Psychoanalytic drives

What is generally NOT a question that receives much attention in cultural studies?

Is this text good or bad?

Voloshinov introduced the concepts of ______________ .

Multi-accentuality and Uni-accentuality

Bakhtin introduced the concepts of ___________ .

Heteroglossia and Monoglossia

"Meaning Structures 2" identify the meanings that have been _______________ .

Decoded

According to the textbook, ______________ focuses on how a text is positioned by media industries, while _____________ focuses on the behaviors and responses of actual readers.

Reception studies, audience studies

Trekkies might be considered _______________, a term that encompasses writing about social groups, which might include media about social groups.

Ethnography

The two central tenets of ethnographic research are P & O: what does the "P" stand for?

Participation

The two central tenets of ethnographic research are P & O: what does the "O" stand for?

Observation

What word does the term "fan" come from?

Fanatic

When did film fandom begin?

In the silent era, with publications such as Photoplay

_____________ refers to the process of rerunning a television show and, usually, at a quicker rate. For Star Trek, episodes appeared once a week during its original run, then episodes were broadcast every day with each rerun.

Strip Syndication

What are the homemade magazines called that fans produce--originally with the help of copy machines in the era of Star Trek?

Fanzine

What is NOT one of the components identified in the textbook for cultivating a fan community?

Textual Closure

The textbook offers several explanations for why fans are no longer seen as the unusual outsiders that they used to be. What is NOT one of the explanations?

Changes in content--movies and television are just better now

_______________ relies on strategic essentialism, a way for many people to coalesce under a single label to push for social change.

Identity Politicis

As the textbook explains, the early 1970s saw the explosion of ___________________, a movement of cheaply made action films that allowed African American heroes the chance to "kick whitey's butt" and win the day.

blaxploitation filmmaking

Who wrote one of the earliest (and most thorough) image analysis texts, which documented the five primary stereotypes of African Americans in Hollywood movies?

Donald Bogle

What later became a significant problem with image analysis studies?

They generally resort to labeling positive and negative images

Sociologist Dalton Conley asserts that race as an identity category is different from nationality and ethnicity because ______

Race is projected onto you by others, while nationality and ethnicity are potentially more self-determining

__________________ asserts that identity and meaning are linguistically, historically, and socially constructed.

Poststructuralism

According to the textbook, "terms such as _________--originally drawn from biology and botany--are used by some to emphasize how what we think of as identity is actually a composite thing, made up of various forms and aspects of social difference"

Hydridity

Orientalism relies on two psychoanalytic concepts: repression and ___________.

Projection

Which thinker have we been associating with the term "discourse"?

Michael Foucault

Who coined the term "Orientalism"?

Edward Said

Which theorist is most closely linked with the model "Encoding/Decoding"?

Stuart Hall

This term refers to the refashioning of material from media texts for one's own meaning

Textual Poaching

This term refers to texts, based on a film or television show, created by fans themselves

Tertiary Text

This term refers to texts, created by the media industry, that are the object of fans desires

Primary Text

Which is NOT an idea associated with Judith Butler's theorization of the "performative"

We are all free to choose our own identity on any given day

Cultural studies research generally focuses on relating semiotic analysis of a text to its..

Historical-cultural context

Which approach to studying social groups on film corresponds with the era of identity politics?

Stereotype Analysis/Image Analysis

The interests of the dominate are served by_____ (i.e. limiting the meaning of a sign).

Uniaccentuality

Which of the following is FALSE about the use of the term "queer"?

It's a term that is almost always monoglossic

Media's labeling of President Obama as "The first black President" might be an example of...

Racialism

TV scholar Robert C. Allen describes "the rhetorical mode" when referring to a TV show that..

Simulates a face-to-face encounter with the viewer

What term do some gender theorists of color prefer over the term "feminism"?

Womanism

What term refers to the way colonized nations have wealth sucked out of them leaving them dry?

underdevelopment

Third Wave Feminism differs from Second Wave Feminism in that___

Third Wave Feminism is anti-essentialist

Which text has frequently been at the center of debates about "postfeminism"?

Sex and the City

build off of primary text, that still benefits the studio ex.) board game of Supernatural

Secondary Text

Criteria of a Healthy Fandom

genre, complex characters, heterosexual romance, serial form, multi-textual form, expanding diegetic universe, nostalgia

Pickaninny

which is NOT one of the five stereotypes of african americans that donald bogle analyzed?

Janice Radway

Wrote one of the first audience studies about Women and reading romance novels. She argued that her readers did engage with the ideological meanings of the romances they read, rather than passively assimilate those meanings as social critics might suggest and she argued that the very act of reading itself was an act of resistance to the patriarchal structures most of the women lived within.-Radway's work on audience studies helped to legitimize the subject of audience studies

Hyperdiegesis

(related to Jenkins) a sort of all encompassing timeline that relates all official episodes/installments of a given franchise to one another

Jenkin's Ten Ways to Re-write a TV Show

1. Recontextualization2. Expansion of the timeline3. refocalization4. Moral Realignment5. Genre Shifting6. Crossovers7. Character Dislocation (alternate universe)8. Personalization (Lt. Mary Sue stories are apart of this category)9. Erotic Intensification10. Eroticization

Trekkies: Denise Crosby is an ideal host for the film's ethnographic project because she is both a ...

Participator and Observer

Strategic Essentialism

a modern term for Identity Politics, which refers to the way that groups of people can and do come together under a single label (as in identity politics) in order to fight for social change. Individuals within the group simply mute or put their differences on hold to fight for a bigger cause

Donal Bogle's Black Stereotypes in Film

Toms, Coons, Mammies, Mulattoes and Bucks