[1] Solids and the Crystalline State - Types of Solids

-Crystalline

-Amorphous

-Polymeric

Types of solids

-polymorphs

-hydrate/solvates

-salts/cocrystals

under crystalline solid we have

-amorphous

-amorphous dispersion

under amorphous solids we have

Crystalline

fixed geometric patten

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Amorphous

Randomly arranged molecules

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Crystalline

Definite MP and X-ray diffraction patterns

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Amorphous

No definite MP and X-ray diffraction patterns

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Crystalline

Anisotropic, except CUBIC CRYSTALS

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Amorphous

Isotropic

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Anisotropic

different properties in various directions

a. Anisotropic

b. Isotropic

Anisotropic

different angle, different shape, color

a. Anisotropic

b. Isotropic

isotropic

properties are the same in all directions

a. Anisotropic

b. Isotropic

Crystalline

more energy required to break = low absorption

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Amorphous

less energy required to break = faster rate of absorption

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

amorphous

in the POV of formulator, the preferred form of drug is

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

crystallization

but the problem with amorphous is it can go

polymeric

to prevent crystallization, amorphous is added with ________substances

Polymeric

preventing crystallization by stabilizing the drug in a solid state

PEG, PP, cellulose derivatives, carbamer

example of polymeric substances

crystalline

homogenous in pattern

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

amorphous

heterogenous in pattern

a. Crystalline

b. Amorphous

Amorphous > Crystalline

in terms of solubility: Amorphous ______ Crystalline

-altering the pH

-altering zinc content

The physical state and size of the insulin crystals can be manipulated by altering the [1] ___ and [2] ___ of the preparation

semilente

Short-acting insulin aka

lente

intermediate-acting insulin aka

ultralente

long-acting insulin aka

100% amorphous

short-acting insulin is made up of

70% crystalline and 30% amorphous

intermediate-acting insulin is made up of

100% crystalline

long-acting insulin is made up of