Chapter 2: Small Molecules & Chemistry of Life Questions

Atomic structure explains the properties of matter: How does bonding help an atom achieve stability?

Bonding decreases the atom’s potential energy = less reactive

Atoms bond to form molecules: What kind of non-covalent force is involved in gecko sticking?

The van der waals forces: a single van der waals interaction is too weak, but millions of microscopic hair-like structures on gecko toes called setae—which branch into billions of flat tips called spatulae—maximize surface contact.

Atoms change partners in chemical reactions: Use an example to explain how the form of energy can change during a chemical reaction.

An example includes burning a candle: store chemical energy changes into thermal energy (heat)and light energy when in the process of a chemical reaction.

Water is critical for life: What is the consequence of this reaction on the pH of the blood? What chemical reaction would restore the pH of blood?

1) The accumulation of CO2 in the blood lowers blood pH, making it more acidic.

2) HCO-3 + H+ → CO2 + H2O

Describe at least 4 steps to describe the increasing complexity from sub-atomic particles to compounds.

1) Subatomic particles

2) Atoms

3) Molecules

4) Chemical compounds