Lab 1 ULM A&P (copy)

What is a nontropic Hormone?

A hormone that have a direct effect on their target tissue.

What is a tropic hormone?

A hormone that causes the release of another hormone.

Pineal Gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Pancreas

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Thyroid Gland

Adrenal Gland

Kidney

Testes

Pancreas

Parathyroid

Ovaries

Thyroid

Parathyroid

What is the general function of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL)

What is the general function Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What is the general Gonaciotropin-releasing hormone

Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

What is the general function of Growth hormone-releasing hormone?

Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete growth hormone (GH)

What is the general function of Somatostatin (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GIHIH))

Inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

What is the general function of Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

Inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin (PRL)

What is the general function of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Water retention by kidney to help prevent dehydration

Oxytocin (OT)

Feelings of sexual satisfaction and emotional bonding; labor contractions; milk ejection in lactating mothers.

What is the general function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyroid gland growth and secretion of thyroid hormone.

What is the general function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Adrenal cortex growth and secretion of glucocorticoids.

What is the general function of Prolactin (PRL)

Synthesis of milk in females and increases sensitivity of LH in males

What is the general function of Growth Hormone (GH)

Mitosis differentiation, and growth of tissue.

What is the general function of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Follicle growth and secretion of estrogen in ovaries and sperm production in testes

What is the general function of Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Ovulation and maintaining corpus luteum in ovaries and secretion of testosterone in testes.

Where are releasing and inhibiting hormones located and where is there target tissue?

The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.

Where is Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin made and stored?

The antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are made in the hypothalamus but stored and released in the posterior pituitary gland.

Where is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stored?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Where is adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stored?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Where is Prolactin stored (PRL)?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Where is Growth Hormone (GH) made?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Where is Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stored?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Where is Luteinizing Hormone (LH) stored?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

What does melatonin do?

Plays role in sleep/wake cycle

Where is melatonin stored?

Pineal gland

What does thymosin do?

Stimulates the maturation of T-cells.

Where is thymosin stored?

Thymus Gland

What does T3 and T4 do?

Regulate metabolic rate, thermoregulation, and promote growth and development.

Where is T3 and T4 produced?

Follicular cells of thyroid follicles.

What does calcitonin do?

Decrease blood calcium levels

Where is calcitonin produced?

Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland.

What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

Increases blood calcium levels.

Where is parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced?

Parathyroid Gland

Where is zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis located?

Adrenal Gland

What does Zona glomerulosa produce?

Mineralocorticoids

What does Zona fasciculata produce?

Cortisol

What does Zona reticularis?

Androgen (Testosterone/Estrogen)

Where is Epinephrine and Norepinephrine produced?

Adrenal Medulla of the Adrenal Gland

Where is alpha, beta, and delta cells located?

Pancreatic Islet

What do Alpha Cells produce?

Glucagon

What do Beta Cells produce?

Insulin

What do Delta cells produce?

Somatostatin

What does somatostatin do?

Regulates the release of glucagon and insulin.

Where is estrogen and progesterone produced?

Ovaries

What hormone disorder is associated with the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol)?

Cushing’s Syndrome

What is a symptom of Cushing’s Syndrome?

High blood glucose, high blood pressure, altered protein and carbohydrate metabolism, slow healing, and hydration of tissues.

What Hormone disorder is associated with hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

Addison’s Disease

What is the symptoms of Addison’s disease?

Low blood glucose, low blood pressure, and increased susceptibility to infection.

What Hormone Disorder is associated with the hypersecretion of Growth Hormone during as a kid?

Gigantism

What are the symptoms of gigantism?

Large body size with normal proportions.

What Hormone Disorder is associated with the hypersecretion of growth hormone as an adult?

Acromegaly

What are the symptoms of Acromegaly?

Enlargement of small bones in the feet, hands, mandible, and frontal bones

What hormone disorder is associated with the hyposecretion of growth hormone?

Dwarfism

What are the symptoms of Dwarfism?

Small body size with normal proportions.

What hormone disorder is associated with hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

Graves’ Disease

What are the symptoms of Graves’ Disease?

Goiter, exophthalmos, increased metabolic and heart rate.

What hormone disease is associated with the hyposecretion of thyroid hormone as a child?

Cretinism

What hormone disorder is associated with the hyposecretion of thyroid hormone as an adult?

Myxedema

What are the symptoms of Myxedema?

Obesity, depression, sluggishness, dry skin, fatigue

What hormone disorder is associated with the hypersecretions of parathyroid hormone?

Hypercalcemia

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

Depresses nervous system function, muscle weakness, kidney stones, sluggishness, emotional disturbance, and cardiac arrest

What hormone disorder is associated with the hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone?

hypocalcemia

What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

Abnormally excitable nervous system; muscle spasms, tremors, tetany, can be fatal if severe