Joints and articulations

synathroses

immovable joints composed of joints, fibrocartilage, or hyaline cartilage. synarthrotic ex: Epiphyseal plates, sternocostal joint between manubrium and first rib

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joints composed of cartilage or fibrocartilage aka cartilaginous

ie. where the fibula and tibia meet

public symphysis

diarthroses

free moveable synovial joint composed of articular cartilage aka synovial

ie. tibia, hips, femur, hands

synovial fluid

in the diarthroses in which it lubricates the joint

synovial sac

contains the synovial fluid and makes a gap so joints can move

extension

type of angular movement when you bend your arm back, increasing the angle

hyperextension

type of angular movement when you move your arm further back than normal anatomical positioning

abduction

type of angular movement is when you raise your arms away from your body

circumduction

type of angular movement that combines all 5 angular movements that allow the forearm to move in a circle while the elbow remains stable

adduction

type of angular movement when you move your arms back down to your body

rotational

when you move your whole arm to turn the bone around its axis

supination

being able to turn the palm of your hand anteriorly

pronation

being able to turn your hand backward or posteriorly

dorsiflexion

Flexion of a body part in an upward (dorsal) direction

joint

the sites where two or more bones meet

fibrous joint

a fibrous joint is where the bone ends are held together by fibrous connective tissue ( primarily composed of collagen fibers)

cartilaginous joint

the articulating bones are held together by a pad or disc of cartilage.

synarthroses joint

Immovable joints

diarthroses joint

freely moveable joint

amphiarthroses joint

Slightly movable

ligaments

Connect bone to bone

gliding joint

allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles

saddle joint

Two concave surfaces fit against a convex surface

Thumbs

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

pivot joint

a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation

Conyloid Joint

side to side movement and back and forth (knuckle joints)

gliding joint

allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles

saddle joint

Two concave surfaces fit against a convex surface

Thumbs

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

pivot joint

a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation

ball and socket joint

allow complete rotation to move in all directions; hips and shoulders

synovial joints

fluid filled freely movable joints cavities, all diathrosis,

synovial joint features

joint cavity, articular cartilage, membrane, fluid, reinforcing ligaments, tendons, and bursae. blood vessels and nerves.