RAD 200 Reproductive disease

the most commonly reported notifiable STI in the United States, causes urethritis in males and urethritis and cervicitis in females

A is a major cause of female sterility and a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Chlamydia

What bacterium causes Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

the second most commonly reported notifiable disease in the United States, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) of the genitourinary tract.

Gonorrhea

What bacterium causes Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Is a protozoal infection of the lower genitourinary tract; the infection is usually vaginal in females and urethral in males.

Trichomoniasis

What causes Trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Is an incurable, recurrent infection of the skin of the genital area, with ulcerations spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, causing painful genital sores similar to cold sores

Genital Herpes

Is a genital infection that causes raised cauliflower-like growths in or near the vagina or rec tum or along the penis. It has become one of the most common STIs in the world.

Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)

what causes Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact with a chancre during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, or from an infected mother to her baby during

Syphilis

What stage of syphilis is characterized by one or more firm, round, and usually painless sores at the site of infection. These typically appear 3 weeks after exposure and heal on their own within 3 to 6 weeks

Primary

What stage of syphilis May include a non-itchy, rough, reddish-brown rash, often appearing on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. This stage can also bring flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, and fever

Secondary

What stage of syphilis A period where the infection is present but there are no visible signs or symptoms

Latent

What stage of syphilis occur years after the initial infection. It is rare but very serious, potentially causing permanent damage to the brain, nerves, heart, and other organs

Tertiary The late stage

what causes Syphilis

Treponema pallidum

is a bacterial infection of the genitalia that causes extremely painful open genital sores (ulcers) and swollen, tender lymph nodes in the groin

Chancroid (soft chancre)

What causes Chancroid

Haemophilus ducreyi

Is a consistent or recurrent inability to achieve or maintain penile erection

Erectile Dysfunction/Impotence

defined as the involuntary inability to conceive.

Male and Female Infertility

inflammation of the epididymis, the excretory duct of the testicles

Epididymitis

What’s the most common cause of Epididymitis

N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis

Inflammation or infection of one or both testicles, often accompanied by inflammation of the epididymis

Orchitis

A condition in which one testicle is twisted out of its normal position

Torsion of the Testicle

an enlargement of the network of veins (the pampiniform plexus) within the scrotum, essentially acting like a varicose vein in your leg

Varicocele

is nonmalignant, non inflammatory hypertrophy of the prostate gland

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

is an acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland.

Prostatitis

is a malignancy of the small gland located below the bladder and anterior to the rectum in males. Although this is a very common cancer, it grows so slowly that only 1 in 41 males diagnosed with it will die as a result of it. Nonetheless, after lung cancer, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males

Prostate Cancer

one of the most curable solid neoplasms, but it still has a significant effect on the physical and emotional status of the young population it usually affects

Testicular Cancer

Most testicular tumors are what kind of tumors

Germ cell tumors

What are the 2 main types of testicular cancer

seminomas & nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Is a constellation of physical and emotional symptoms that may appear shortly after ovulation and subside with the onset of menstruation or shortly thereafter.

Premenstrual Syndrome

The absence of menstrual periods, whether temporary or permanent,

Amenorrhea

a common gynecologic disorder, is pain and cramping associated with menstruation and affects about 60% of postpubertal females

Dysmenorrhea

Fluid-filled, semisolid, or solid masses that originate on or within the ovary

Ovarian Cysts

Follicles that occur during a normal menstrual cycle are often called

Cyst

a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it. This tissue builds up and bleeds with each period, causing inflammation and pain. There is no cure, but medications and surgery can help manage symptoms

Endometriosis

infection of a female’s pelvis. The tubes, ovaries, and surrounding tissue are involved in the infection, which can be self-limiting or, in cases of abscess formation, life threatening

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

are noncancerous (benign) tumors of the smooth muscle within the uterus. They may vary in number, size, and location within the uterus. They are the most common tumors of the female reproductive tract and can occur in a large percentage of females before the age of 50.

Leiomyomas (Fibroids)

inflammation and/or infection of the vaginal tissues.

Vaginitis

What are the most common causes of Vaginitis

Candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis & Trichomonas

is the cessation of menstrual periods for 1 year, with evidence of ovarian failure.

Menopause START

What’s the average age of menopause

51 yrs

What age is menopause premature

before 40yrs

is the downward displacement of the uterus from its normal location in the pelvis

Uterine Prolapse

When the uterus is completely outside the vagina, it is termed ?

complete procidentia

downward displacement and protrusion of the urinary bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina

Cystocele

the protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina

Rectocele

the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix (the lower part of the uterus)

Cervical Cancer

rare, and malignancy usually results from metastasis from neoplasms of adjacent structures. Most primary tumors are squamous cell carcinomas, but other types, such as melanoma or adenocarcinoma, may be seen.

Vaginal Cancer

is an uncontrolled growth of cells on the external female genitalia, which includes the labia (vaginal lips), clitoris, and vaginal/urethral openings

Labial or Vulvar Cancer

accounts for more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy. Because of the location of the deep within the pelvis, the cancer is often asymptomatic until the more advanced stages

Ovarian Cancer

involves the lining of the uterus, which undergoes cyclic changes as a result of hormonal stimulation. It is the most common gynecologic malignancy

Endometrial Cancer (uterine cancer)

is the nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. It is quite common, affecting up to 70% of pregnant females. the symptoms may begin before the first missed menses but normally resolve by the end of the first trimester or 13th week

Morning Sickness

If the nausea and vomiting are severe enough to cause excessive weight loss or metabolic imbalance during pregnancy, then it is called

hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)

Is a naturally occurring loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy

Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

How are Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) classified

missed (no tissue has passed)

incomplete (some tissue has passed)

complete (all tissue has passed)

occurs when the fertilized ovum implants and grows outside the endometrial canal, most often the fallopian tube

Ectopic Pregnancy

is contractions leading to cervical change occurring before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy

Premature Labor

refers to a serious disease of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. This condition occurs most commonly in the third trimester but can occur any time after 20 completed weeks of pregnancy.

preeclampsia

is the occurrence of a seizure or coma in a patient with preeclampsia.

Eclampsia

premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta during pregnancy

Abruptio Placentae

is the placenta covering the opening to the cervix. In a partial previa, the majority of the placenta is away from the opening (os), and in a complete or central previa, the more central portion of the placenta covers the os

Placenta Previa

is an abnormal proliferation of the placental tissue that can take on the characteristics of a malignancy. The placenta has a “cluster of grapes” type of appearance on ultrasonography, or the diagnosis may be based on pathologic evaluation after a miscarriage or pregnancy termination

Hydatidiform Mole

a very common, noncancerous condition causing lumpy, swollen, or tender breasts, especially before your period

Fibrocystic Breast Condition

is inflammation of one or more mammary glands of the breast

Mastitis

is the most frequent breast nontender benign tumor in adolescents and young females. The female patient feels a firm, round, encapsulated, movable mass in the breast. She experiences no pain or only slight tenderness

Fibroadenoma of the Breast

usually arises from the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast, the functional unit of the breast tissue, which is very hormonally responsive

Cancer of the Breast

is a characteristic breast lesion that signifies the presence of malignant adenocarcinoma cells. a rare form of breast cancer that affects the nipple and often the areola. It presents with eczema-like symptoms—such as red, scaly, or crusty skin. Most individuals diagnosed with it also have an underlying breast cancer

Paget Disease of the Breast