CHAPTER 2: SELF AND SELF-PRESENTATION

Social Psychology CHAP 2

reflexive

Individual engages in self-perception, self-evaluation, self- communication, self-motivation and self-control and  is termed _______ behavior.

active; passive

The self is both _____ or the source that initiates self-perception, self-evaluation, self- communication, self-motivation and self-control  and  _____ behavior  or the object toward whom  behavior is directed).

I; me

The active aspect of the self is labelled " ___"  and the object of self-action is labelled the “____". 

internal dialogue

People engage in conversations in their mind as they regulate their behavior, uses words and images to symbolize ideas about themselves, other persons, their own actions and others probable responses to them  and this refers to_______.

name

Learning one’s own ____ is one of the earliest and most important steps in acquiring  a self and  by hearing it  repeatedly, the child gradually sees himself as a distinct and recurrent point of reference

thoughts; feelings

A mature sense of self entails recognizing that our  _____and ______ are our private possessions and brings children to realize that their own private awareness of self is not directly accessible to others.

identities

The meanings we attached to the self by one’s self and others and when we think of them , we are actually thinking of various plans of actions that we expect to carry out and refers to our ______.

role identities

 The ______ we develop depend on the social positions available to us in society and as a result, the self we know is linked to society fundamentally through  what we play  reflecting the structure of the our society and our place in it.

social identity

The source of identities is membership in categories or group based on criteria such as gender, nationality, race/ethnicity, sexual preferences or political affiliation  and self has defining  characteristics of the group is  called _______.

we-ness

 The adoption of role identity involves socialization into group organization of which the role is part and as members of the of the group, they shared the “______” and their membership  become an important social identity.

self-categorization

Adopting a social identity involves _____ - the defining of the self as members of a social category such as Irish American, Black American or feminist.

racial identity

 An important influence on_______ should be responses of others based on one’s appearance  and for some persons seem obvious that, is their skin color and physical features fit the social stereotype. 

phenotype

  It is predicted that ______ or appearance would be the most important influence on identity and If it is ambiguous, cultural exposure, language proficiency, eating foods and celebrating holidays would influence identity.

salience

 The many role identities we enact do not have equal importance for us, rather, we organize them into a hierarchy according to their ______ or  their relative importance to the self-schema. 

social networks

The more numerous and significant the relationships or _____ formed  that depend on enacting an identity, the more committed we become to that identity and  the more commitment we have to a role identity, the more important that identity will be. 

self-esteem

The evaluative components of self-concept, reflecting how capable, successful, significant , and worthy  one is refers to _______.

family experience, performance feedback, social comparison

3 factors that influences self esteem

sense of efficacy

self-esteem is based partly on our ________- of competence and power to control events.

comparison

 Social ______ is crucial to self-esteem because the feelings of competence or worth we derive from performance depend in large part on with whom we are evaluated with, both by ourselves and by others. 

self-presentation

 The term _______ refers to the process by which the individual attempt to control the impressions that others form of them in social interaction. .. 

authentic

In _______self-presentation, our goal is to create an image of ourselves in the eyes of others that is consistent with the way we view ourselves.

ideal

In ______ self-presentation, our goal is to establish a public image of ourselves that is consistent with what we wish we were.

tactical

In _______ self-presentation, our concern is to establish a public image of ourselves that is consistent with what others want or expect us to be.

tactical impression management

When a person uses self-presentation tactics calculated to manipulate the impression formed of him of her by others, we say that he or she is engaging in ________.

restore face

A continuing state of embarrassment is uncomfortable for everyone involved. For this reason, it is usually in everyone’ interest to _______- that is eliminate the conditions causing embarrassment.

retaliation

To act aggressively not only  to reasserts  an image of strength and achieve revenge but  also to forestalls future discrediting of behavior  by showing resolve to punish is called _______.

cooling-out

 The term ______ refers to gently persuading a person whose performance is unsuitable to accept a less desirable, though still reasonable, alternative identity.    

degradation

The process of destroying the offender’s identity and transforming him to a lower social type is termed identity ______ and establishes the offender as a nonperson- an individual who cannot be trusted to perform as a normal members of the social group because of reprehensible motives.

stigma

A characteristic widely viewed as an insurmountable handicap that prevents competent or morally trustworthy behavior refers to ______.