Spanish Grammar: Conjugations of Ser, Subject Pronouns, and Noun Rules

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing present tense conjugations of ser, English and Spanish subject pronouns, noun pluralization rules, and gender noun endings based on the lecture transcript.

Soy

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with yo (I am).

Eres

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with tú (You are, informal).

Es

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with él, ella, and usted (He, she, you formal is/are).

Somos

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with nosotros/nosotras (We are).

Sois

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with vosotros/vosotras (You all are, used in Spain).

Son

Present tense form of the Spanish verb ser used with ellos, ellas, and ustedes (They / You all are).

Yo

Spanish subject pronoun used when the speaker refers to themselves.

Tú

Informal Spanish subject pronoun used when addressing someone directly, such as friends.

Usted

Formal Spanish subject pronoun used when addressing someone directly for authority or respect.

Vosotros / Vosotras

Informal Spanish subject pronouns used when addressing a group directly in regional use like Spain.

Ustedes

Formal Spanish subject pronoun used when addressing a group directly for authority or respect.

Él / Ella

Spanish subject pronouns used for a single third-person male (él) or female (ella).

Nosotros / Nosotras

Spanish subject pronouns used when the speaker is included in a group.

Ellos / Ellas

Spanish subject pronouns used to talk about a group of people or things.

Nouns Ending in a Vowel (Pluralization)

Basic rule stating that if a noun ends in a vowel, you add -s to make it plural (e.g., el gato to los gatos, la casa to las casas).

Nouns Ending in a Consonant (Pluralization)

Basic rule stating that if a noun ends in a consonant, you add -es to make it plural (e.g., el hotel to los hoteles, la ciudad to las ciudades).

Nouns Ending in -z (Pluralization)

Special case rule where you change the z to a c and add -es (e.g., el lápiz to los lápices, el pez to los peces).

Nouns Ending in -ión or -és with an Accent (Pluralization)

Special case rule where you add -es and drop the written accent (e.g., el avión to los aviones, el inglés to los ingleses).

Masculine Noun Endings

Noun endings that are usually masculine include -o (e.g., el libro), -or (e.g., el profesor), and -aje or -án (e.g., el traje).

Feminine Noun Endings

Noun endings that are usually feminine include -a (e.g., la casa), often -z or -d (e.g., la luz), and always feminine ending in -ión, -dad, -tad, or -tud (e.g., la canción).

El día and El mapa

Common exceptions of masculine words in Spanish that end in -a.