Science practice test 2

Which of the following elements is considered a transition metal?

• Area A

• Area B

• Area C

• Area D

Area D

In your garden, you have noticed that the tomato plants on the north side of your house are growing better than those on the west side, and you have decided to figure out why. They are both planted in the same soil, and they are watered at the same time during the week. Over the course of a week, you begin to measure the amount of sunlight that hits each side of the house and determine that the north side receives more light because the sunlight is blocked on the west side by the house’s shadow for much of the day. What is the name of the factor in your observations that affected the tomato plants’ growth?

• The hypothesis

• The independent variable

• The dependent variable

• The conclusion

The independent variable

the amount of light is the independent variable, and the amount of tomato plant growth is the dependent variable. No hypothesis or conclusion were clearly stated in this experiment, but we could infer that getting more sunlight makes tomato plants grow better.

A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity?

• Passive natural immunity

• Active natural immunity

• Active artificial immunity

• Passive artificial immunity

Active artificial immunity

Which of the following stimulates adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells?

• Cytokine

• Phagocytes

• Natural killer cells

• Platelets

Phagocytes (macrohpages and dendritic cells)

Phagocytes are specialized white blood cells that kill pathogens and initiate an immune response

hich structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

• Hypothalamus

• Adrenal gland

• Testes

• Pancreas

Hypothalamus

*The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones to regulate pituitary gland hormone release.

Let B represent the dominant allele for a full head of hair, and let b represent the recessive allele for male-pattern baldness. The following Punnett square represents the offspring of two people who carry the recessive allele for baldness.

	B	b
B	Possibility 1	Possibility 2
b	Possibility 3	Possibility 4

 

According to the Punnett square, which selection includes all outcomes that would produce an offspring with male-pattern baldness?

Possibility 4

Let B represent the dominant allele for a full head of hair, and let b represent the recessive allele for male-pattern baldness. The following Punnett square represents the offspring of two people who carry the recessive allele for baldness.

	B	b
B	Possibility 1	Possibility 2
b	Possibility 3	Possibility 4

 

According to the Punnett square, which selection includes all outcomes that would produce an offspring with a full head of hair?

Possibilities 1, 2, and 3

Two isotopes of the same element have different numbers of:

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Nuclei

Neutrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different atomic masses.

An atom has 2 protons, 4 neutrons, and 2 electrons. What is the mass number of this atom?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

6

The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

*How do the hydrogen bonds in water affect its characteristics?

• Hydrogen bonds are so polar that they can attract non-polar molecules.

• Hydrogen bonds cause water to be denser when it is a solid than when it is a liquid.

• Hydrogen bonds cause water to have a high enough surface tension that some organisms can move across it.

• Hydrogen bonds cause water to be a poor solvent.

Hydrogen bonds cause water to have a high enough surface tension that some organisms can move across it.

Which of the following is a constant?

• The number of protons in an oxygen atom

• The temperature at which iron ore will melt

• The human population size

• The time the sun rises each day

The number of protons in an oxygen atom

constant is a value that remains the same and does not change, unlike a variable

*Which of the following does NOT contain blood vessels?

• Hair follicle

• Hypodermis

• Dermis

• Epidermis

Epidermis

Which of the following is considered an intensive property?

• Mass

• Weight

• Volume

• Density

Density

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter that is present. Mass, weight, and volume do depend on the amount of matter that is present and are considered extensive properties

The chart below shows the average snowfall in inches and the number of sunny days for a town on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula during the months November through April.

Which of the following can be concluded based on the information that is provided in the chart?

• April is not a good month to go skiing in the Upper Peninsula.

• Snowfall blocks the sunshine and reduces the number of sunny days.

• The fewest sunny days occur in the months with the heaviest snowfall.

• The number of sunny days only increases after November.

The fewest sunny days occur in the months with the heaviest snowfall.

Based on the chart alone, the only information that can be determined is that the fewest sunny days coincide with the months that have the heaviest snowfall.

In order to be included in the formation of a scientific conclusion, evidence must be:

• Quantitative

• Reproducible

• Obvious

• All of the above

Reproducible

the same results would occur again and again if an experiment was repeated.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the use of qualitative and quantitative data in scientific research?

• Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements.

• Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data.

• Qualitative data is focused on perspectives and behavior.

• Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews.

Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data.

quantitative (when a numerical result is used) and qualitative (when descriptions or qualities are reported). equally important in scientific research.

What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

• Hydrogen

• Ionic

• Covalent

• Metallic

Covalent

Let T represent the dominant allele for a person being tall, and let the t allele represent a person being short. Additionally, the B allele corresponds to black hair, and the b allele corresponds with red hair. The genes of a tall person with red hair (Ttbb) are crossed with a short person with black hair (ttBb). Consider the Punnett square below.

	Tb	Tb	tb	tb
tB	Possibility 1	Possibility 2	Possibility 3	Possibility 4
tb	Possibility 5	Possibility 6	Possibility 7	Possibility 8
tB	Possibility 9	Possibility 10	Possibility 11	Possibility 12
tb	Possibility 13	Possibility 14	Possibility 15	Possibility 16

What are the characteristics of a person with the genotype from Possibility 1?

• Short with black hair

• Short with red hair

• Tall with black hair

• Tall with red hair

Tall with black hair

	Tb	Tb	tb	tb
tB	Possibility 1	Possibility 2	Possibility 3	Possibility 4
tb	Possibility 5	Possibility 6	Possibility 7	Possibility 8
tB	Possibility 9	Possibility 10	Possibility 11	Possibility 12
tb	Possibility 13	Possibility 14	Possibility 15	Possibility 16

Which of the following possibilities would produce a short offspring with black hair?

• Possibility 13

• Possibility 10

• Possibility 7

• Possibility 4

Possibility 4

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the:

• Mouth

• Stomach

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

Small Intestine

food passes through to the small intestine, where the nutrients are further digested and absorbed. The nutrients then pass into the large intestine, where extra water is absorbed

What is the smallest unit that can encode for a trait?

• A codon

• A gene

• A nucleotide

• A chromosome

A gene 

Genes are made of DNA and thus carry the hereditary information that gets passed down from parents to offspring.

Long bones are one of the five major types of bone in the human body. Which of the following bones are long bones? (Select all that apply.)

• Sacrum

• Clavicle

• Patella

• Ulna

• Fibula

• Humerus

Clavicle, Ulna, Fibula, Humerus

If a biologist is describing the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait, which of the following is he or she referring to?

• Phenotype

• Allele

• Gamete

• Genotype

Phenotype

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms?

• Hydrogen bond

• Metallic bond

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

Ionic bond

Which type of cell secretes antibodies?

• Skin cells

• Macrophages

• T cells

• Plasma cells

Plasma cells

Which of the following structures have the lowest blood pressure?

• Arteries

• Arterioles

• Venules

• Veins

Veins

veins have the lowest blood pressure. Most veins carry oxygen-poor blood from the outlying parts of the body to the heart.

If an organism is AaBb, which of the following combinations in the gametes is NOT possible?

• AB

• aa

• aB

• Ab

aa

An AaBb organism can form four gamete types: AB, Ab, aB, and ab. Gametes are germ cells involved in sexual reproduction.

Which of the following words is used to describe the condition in which an adult’s heart rate is 118 beats per minute (bpm) while at rest?

• Tachycardia

• Apnea

• Bradycardia

• Tachypnea

Tachycardia

Tachycardia is a faster-than-normal heart rate (>100 bpm) while at rest. Bradycardia is a slower-than-normal (<60 bpm) heart rate while at rest.

Apnea is the absence of respirations, while tachypnea is the presence of rapid respirations (>20 breaths per minute).

Which statement below best describes the process of condensation?

• Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.

• Condensation is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas.

• Condensation is the process of changing from a solid to a liquid.

• Condensation is the process of changing from a solid to a gas.

Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.

Using the graph below, what conclusion can be made about the students’ scores?

• The scores generally increased as the year progressed.

• The girls did better than the boys on the test each quarter.

• The median score remained largely unchanged throughout the year.

• The scores were heavily impacted by the test reviews that were provided.

The scores generally increased as the year progressed.

A particular individual has red hair and is six feet tall. Are these characteristics part of his genotype or phenotype?

• Hair color is part of the genotype; height is part of the phenotype.

• Hair color is part of the phenotype; height is part of the genotype.

• Both characteristics describe his genotype.

• Both characteristics describe his phenotype.

Both characteristics describe his phenotype.

When heat is removed from water during condensation, which of the following are formed?

• New hydrogen and oxygen atoms

• Covalent bonds

• Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds)

• Ionic bonds

Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds)

A length of DNA that can code for a particular protein is called a(n):

• Allele

• Genome

• Gene

• Transcript

Gene

Genes can code for proteins, and genes are discrete lengths of DNA on chromosomes

Which of the following is true?

• Materials whose atoms have strongly bound electrons are electrical conductors.

• Materials whose atoms have loose electrons are electrical insulators.

• Materials with free electrons block the conduction of electricity.

• Materials whose atoms feature tightly bound electrons are electrical insulators.

Materials whose atoms feature tightly bound electrons are electrical insulators.

What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?

• Genes

• Blood

• Traits

• Cells

Genes

Among the states of matter, water vapor is classified as:

• A gas

• A solid

• A liquid

• A plasma

A gas

Which of the following is considered an extensive property?

• Weight

• Density

• Conductivity

• Malleability

Weight

What is the primary function of antibodies?

• Production of white blood cells

• Initiating gluconeogenesis

• Promoting the intracellular storage of lipids

• Binding to antigens and marking them for destruction

Binding to antigens and marking them for destruction

Which of the following terms means close to the trunk of the body?

• Superficial

• Sagittal

• Proximal

• Distal

Proximal

The following is the anticodon sequence formed during translation. What is the original codon sequence?

A C G U A C G C U

• T G C A T G C G A

• U G C T U G C G T

• U G C A U G C G A

• U C G A U C G C A

U G C A U G C G A

Where is the type of RNA that carries and positions amino acids for further assembly located in the cell?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

The type of RNA described by the question is transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is found in the cytoplasm and carries and positions amino acids at the ribosome for protein synthesis.