Physiology - Membranes

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14 Terms

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Origin

Single cell’s connect to pairs, then, rings - inside of the ring is an inside of the body.

Ocean rich in Na+ = Na+ rich extracellular fluid.

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Osmotic pressure

Pressure of liquid at different concentration measured as tonicity.

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Tonicity

Ability of the solution to move water in or out of the cell.

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Hypotonic

Less electrolytes, water in

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Hypertonic

More electrolytes, water out

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Electrochemical gradient

Generated by extra & intra cellular fluids by +/- charges that store energy.

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Ion movement

Ions follow chemical gradient creating @@charge imbalance@@ and @@negative membrane@@ from inside.

Electrical force oppose chemical one = no ion movement = equilibrium.

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Membrane permeability determined by:

  • Amout of channels / transporters
  • Open / closed channels and transporters
  • Amout allowed to enter
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Facilitated diffusion

Substrate supported by membrane proteins when those can’t cross on their own.

Energy from concentration gradient.

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Active transport Na/K pump

  1. 3 Na+ ions from cytosol bind to the pump on the membrane
  2. ATP binds
  3. ATP split to ADP + phosphate. Energy force shape change of protein, moving Na+ out
  4. 2 K+ ions bind to the pump from outside, cause phosphate release
  5. No phosphate = pump return to original shape, squeezing K+ in
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Antiporters

In opposite direction

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Symporters

In the same direction

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Opening & closing channels

  • trigger: ligands, voltage, physical association
  • constitutively active: random
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Hydration shell

Surround ions, made of water. Scraped down in selectivity filter in the channel.