Lab 5 Vertebral column and spinal cord

Foramen where spinal nerves exit

Intervertebral foramen

Stenosis

Narrowing

Formainal Stenosis

narrowing of intervertebral foramen causing compression on spinal nerve

Cervical vertebrae key features

- Bidfid spinous process C2-C7

- Transverse foramen in C1-C7

- Vertebral a. passes thru transverse foramen C1-C6

Unique feature of cervical vertebrae

Transverse foramen

Unique feature of thoracic vertebrae

Transverse costal facet for ribs

also (superior and inferior costal facets)

- Long inferior spinal process

Kyphosis

Forward flexing curvature (born with)

Lordosis

Backward (extending) curvature

Primary curvature: (kyphotic) - born with

Kyphotic (flexing)

- Thoracic

- Scaral

Secondary Curvature (Lordotic) - develops...

Cervical - Raising head

Lumbar - Standing

Scoliosis

Lateral curve in THORACOLUMBAR (thoracic and lumbar)

Kyphosis (flex)

Exaggerated curve in Thoracic

- head forward

Lordosis (extend)

Exaggerated in Lumbar

- butt out

Articular Facet Joints

Determine primary direction of movements/ limits movement

Cervical articular facet joints

Favor rotation

Thoracic articular facet joints

favors lateral flexion

Lumbar articular facet joints

favors flexion/extension

2 Regions of Intervertebral Discs

1. Annulus Fibrosus (outer)

2. Nucleus Pulposus (inner)

Annulus Fibrosus purpose

Allows limited movement and connects vertebral bodies

- fibrocartilage

Nucleus Pulposus purpose

Shock Absorber

Herniated disc =

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Prevents hyper extension

Posterior Longitudial Ligament

Prevents Hyperflexion

Ligamentum Flavum

Join laminae

- Prevents hyperflexion

Supraspinous Ligament

Runs posterior to spinous process

- prevents hyperflexion

Soma

Integrates information

Axon

Delivers signal

Dendrites

Receive signal

CNS bundle of axon

Tracts

PNS bundle of axon

Nerves

CNS collection of neuron bodies

Nuclei

PNS collection of neuron bodies

Ganglia

PNS

- Cranial nerves

- Spinal nerves

and ganglia

Soma afferent and efferent means consciously aware

TRUE

Viscera afferent ex

Hunger

Viscera efferent

Autonomic (heart beating)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are apart of...

Efferent Visceral (autonomic)

Parasympathetic (phew)

Hunger and sleep (phew)

Sympathetic nervous system

Flight or fight

Brainstem becomes _____

Spinal cord when skull meets vertebral column

Where does brainstem become spinal cord

Skull meets vertebral column

Brain and spinal cord wrapped in 3 layers of MENEINGES

1. Dura Mater

2. Arachnoid mater

3. Pia mater

Outer most meninge

Dura mater (ouDDura)

Middle meninge

Arachnoid mater (Arch middle)

Inner most meninge

Pia matter (IP masq.)

Vertebral column faster growth than spinal cord

TRUE

Embryo spinal cord ends...

Coccyx

Infant spinal cord ends...

L3

Adult spinal cord ends...

L1-L2

Inferior tip of spinal cord is

Conus Medullaris

Spinal nerves below conus medullaris are (horse tail)

Cauda Equina

Arteries for spinal cord (3)

1. Anterior spinal a.

2&3. 2 posterior spinal a.

How many spinal nerves

31

8+12+5+5+1

Thoracic spinal nerves are ____ named vertebrae

BELOW

Cervical spinal nerves are named ____ named vertebrae

ABOVE (8)

Where is C8

between C7-T1

Where is T4 nerve

BELOW T4 vertebrae

Somatomotor neurons located in

Ventral Horn

Autonomic neurons located in

T1-L1

All AFFERENT neurons located

OUTSIDE spinal cord

Dorsal root =

Afferent

Ventral root =

Efferent

Dorsal ramus

mixed

Ventral ramus

mixed

where do efferent and afferent mix first

SPINAL NERVE

Sympathetic gray matter location

Thoracolumbar

- T1 thru L2/3

Parasympathetic gray matter location

Cranial and Sacral

Intermediolateral cell column Para or Symp

Sympathetic

Intermediolateral cell column (IMLCC)

Name of gray matter in spinal cord where PREganglianic cells are

Intermediolateral cell column (IMLCC) location

ONLY T1-L2/3

Sympathetic Chain

C1 to tip of sacrum

Beads and string

Dermatomes

innervated by general sensory fibers

Dermatomes to know (corvette and !0-4)

C6- thumb

C7- middle hand

C8- pinky

L4- Nipple

L10- Umbilicus

Spinal segment

One pair of nerves

ex- Between T4 and T5

Vertebral level

Indicates position

ex- T4 level

Dermatome ex

T4 dermatome is nipple level