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DNA
genetic material consisting of a double helix of nucleotides, each containing the sugar deoxyribose
What are 4 types of bases that are included in nucleotide?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine
Who were the first people who used two lines of evidence to deduce DNA’s structure?
James Eatons and Francis Crick
Who showed that the amount of guanine in a DNA molecule always equals the amount of cytosine, and the amount to adenine always equals the amount of thymine?
Erwin Chargaff
English physicist Maurice Wilkins and chamist Rosalie Franklin used a technique called _________ to reveal a regularly repeating structure of building blocks, consistent with a helix.
X-ray diffraction
What does the double helix of DNA resemble?
twisted ladder
What are the twin rails of the DNA ladder also known as?
sugar phosphate backbones
The sugar phosphate “backbones” are alternating units of _____ and ____ joined with covalent bonds.
deoxyribose, phosphate
The DNA A-T and G-C base pairs are joined by what kind of bonds?
hydrogen
Adenine and guanine bases have what kind of structure?
double ring
Cytosine and thymine ring structure?
single
Each A-T pair is the same width as a G-C pair because each includes a ____and a _____ base.
double and single-ringed
complementary
the sequent of each strand determines the sequence of the other
genome
all of the genetic material in a cell
gene
a sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule
chromosome
a DNA molecule wrapped around proteins
nucleotide
building block of nucleic acids
Where is the majority of the genome divided among?
multiple linear chromosomes housed inside of the cell’s nucleus
Genome of bacterial cell typically consists of one circular ______
chromosome
What must the cell do to the chromosome at the bottom of the DNA that is tightly coiled?
unpack chromosome and expose double helix
What is the status of much of the unpacked DNA in terms of its function?
Most DNA has no known function but some encodes RNA and proteins
How many genes are present in the human genome and how are they distributed in the chromosomes?
Human genome comprises 20,000 to 25,000 genes dispersed across its 23 pairs of chromosomes
Label parts of a nucleotide
1)Phosphate group, 2)Deoxyribose, 3)Nitrogenous base
What part of the DNA is shown?
Hydrogen bond
Label the parts
1)Chromosome, 2)Nucleus, 3)Cell, 4)DNA wrapped around protein, 5)Gene
