Grade 11 - physics exam definitions (newtons laws and vectors)

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Vector

A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Scalar

A physical quantity that has magnitude only

resultant vector

The single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together.

Distance

The length of the path travelled

Displacement

A change in position

Speed

the rate of change of distance

velocity

the rate of change of position

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity

weight

The gravitational force the earth exerts on any object on or near its surface.

Normal force

the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

frictional force

the force that opposes the motion of an object.

newtons first law

An object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant or force.

inertia

the property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion

newtons second law

When a net force, Fnet, is applied to an object of mass, m, it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration, a, is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass.

newtons third law

When an object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A.