Lecture#2 Carbohydrate metabolism, Glycolysis Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

What is Glucose?

Monosaccharide, the simple form of carbohydrates

What is Glycolysis?

Cytosolic process, glucose breakdown to produce ATP

What is Gluconeogenesis?

Formation of glucose from lipid / protein in the liver

What is Glycogen?

Storage from the glucose in the body (liver and skeletal muscle)

What is Glycogenolysis?

Breakdown of glycogen

What is Glycogenesis?

Synthesis of glycogen

Carbohydrates (CHO) contains what?

Molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple sugars! And these are:

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

• Sucrose = Glucose + fructose

• Lactose = glucose + galactose

• Maltose = glucose + glucose

What are Polysaccharides?

glycogen, cellulose, starch

Glycogen is the main polysaccharide
in the human body

• Numerous glucose molecules linked together in a branched chains

• Large stores in liver and skeletal muscle

• CHO ingested is converted to glucose

• (circulates as blood glucose)

• (enters the cell and becomes
  converted to glycogen)

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation: removing an electron

Summary of Glycolysis

Glucose metabolism provides ATP during exercise that:
is maximal and lasts 1 - 3 minutes (Sometimes up to 5 min)

• Takes place in the sarcoplasm

• The key regulating enzyme is PFK (phosphofructokinase)
  

Summary of Glycolysis

(Substrate utilized)

Glucose:
• 1 molecule of glucose yields 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

Glycogen:

• 1 molecule of glycogen-derived glucose glucose-1-phosphate
  yields 3 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH