CPU architecture

What is Von Neumann architecture

computer architecture which introduced the concept of the stored program in the 1940s

what does ALU stand for

arithmetic logic unit

what is the ALU

component in the processor which carries out all arithmetic and logical operations

what does CU stand for

control unit

what is the control unit

ensures sync of data flow and programs throuhgout the computer by sending out control signals along the control bus

what does the system clock do

produces timing signals of the control bus to ensure syncing to take place

what does IAS stand for

immediate access store

what does the IAS do

holds all data and programs needed to be accessed by the control unit

what is ACC

accumulator

what does the accumulator do

temporarily stores numerical values at any part of a given operation

what is a register

temporary component in the processor which can be general or specific in its use that holds data or instructions as part of the FDE cycle

what is the status register used for

an instruction that requires some form of arithmetic or logical procession

what is a flag

indicates the status of a bit in the status register

what is an address bus

carries the addresses throhgout the computer system

what is the data bus

allows data to be carried from processor to memory to and from i/o devices

what is the control bus

carries signals from control unit to tall other computer components

what does uniderctional mean in buses

one direction only

what does bidirectional mean in buses

in both directions

what is a word

group of bits used by a computer to represent a single unit

what is a clock cycle

clock speeds aree measured in terms of GHz

what is overclocking

changing the clock speed of a system clock to a value higher than the factory setting

what does BIOS stand for

basic input/output system

what is cache memory

a high speed auxiliary memory which permits high speed data transfer and retrieval

what is a core

a unit made up of ALU, control unit and registers which is part of a CPU.

what is a dual core

a CPU containing two cores

what is a quad core

a CPU containint four cores

what is a port

external connection to a compiuter which allows it to communicate with arious peripheral devices

what does USB stand for

universal serial bus

what is a USB

a type of port connecting devices to a computer

what does asynchronous serial data tranmission

sending using its own clock device rather than sharing the same clock with the recipient device

what is serial data transmission

single wire transmitting one bit of data at a time

what is parallel data transmission

several wires sending several bits at one time

what does HDMI stand for

high definition multimedia interface

what is a HDMI

type of port connecting devices to a computer

what does VGA stand for

video graphics array

what does VGA do

connect devices to a computer

what does FDE stand for

fetch-decode-execute

what is the FDE cycle

a cycle in which instructions and data are fetched from memory and then decoded and finally executed

what does PC stand for

program counter

what does the program counter do

store the address of the instruction which is currently being executed

what does CIR stand for

current instruction register

what does the CIR do

contains the instructon which is currently being executed

what does RTN stand for

register transfer notation

what is RTN used for

notation to show movement of data and instructions in a processor

what is an interrupt

signal sent from a device or software to a processor requestign its attention

what is interrupt priority

for the processor to know which action needs to be serviced first and which interrupts to be dealt with quickly

what is ISR

interrupt service routine

what does the ISR do

handles interrupt requrests and sends the requrest to the CPU for procressing