Med Term Quiz 4: Chapters 10 - 12

Anuria

absence of urination; precisely a urine output of less than 100 mL per day; possibly caused by kidney dysfunction, very low blood pressure, or obstruction in the urinary passage

Cystic

pertaining to a cyst, pertaining to the gallbladder, or pertaining to the urinary bladder

Cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

Diuresis

literally "through urine action"; another name for polyuria; can occur due to excessive intake of fluids, medication usage, or disease

Diuretic

increasing urination or an agent that causes increased urination; common substances such as tea, coffee, alcohol, and water act as diuretics

Dysuria

difficult or painful urination and can be caused by a bacterial infection or a urinary tract obstruction

Hematuria

the presence of blood in the urine

Lithotripsy

crushing of a stone; may be crushed surgically or by using high-energy shock waves or a laser

Nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

Oliguria

diminished capacity to form urine, or excreting less than 500 mL of urine per day

Polyp

tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder

Polyuria

the excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine; literally "many urines or urinations"

Pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Pyuria

the presence of pus in the urine

Renal

pertaining to the kidney or kidneys

Renal calculi

kidney stones; also called nephrolith

Stenosis

constriction or narrowing

Urea

the final product of protein metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product in urine

Ureter

the way by which the urine leaves the kidneys; narrow, muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urinalysis

test used to evaluate the status of the urinary system; usually part of a physical examination but is particularly useful for patients with suspected urologic disorders

Urination

the act of voiding; emptying the bladder by expelling urine

Amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

Amniocentesis

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid; removed material can be studied to detect genetic disorders or other abnormalities

Amnion

the innermost of the membranes that surround the developing fetus; transparent sac also called amniotic sac since it holds fetus suspended in amniotic fluid

Antepartum

before childbirth

Cervical

pertaining to either the neck or cervix, which is the neck of the uterus

Chorion

extraembryonic membrane (like amnion in the fact it forms around the embryo)

Cryptorchidism

undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum before birth

Dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation

Endometriosis

condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity

Fetus

the latter stages of developing offspring and is that time in utero after the first 8 weeks

Genitourinary

pertaining to the genitals and urinary tract; referring to the combined urinary and reproductive systems

Gestation

pregnancy; period from conception to birth

Gonads

testes and ovaries; function in the production of reproductive cells like the sperm (spermatozoa) and eggs (ova)

Gravida

a designation for the number of pregnancies a women has had (these do not have to be successful)

Gynecology

the study of diseases of the female reproductive organs

Hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus; when done through the abdominal wall it is a abdominal hysterectomy or laparohysterectomy

Leiomyoma

most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen; also called uterine fibroid

Mammography

a diagnostic procedure that uses low-energy x-rays to study the breast

Mastectomy

surgical removal of the breast

Menopause

marks the end of a woman's reproductive period

Menorrhagia

excessive flow during menstruation

Menstruation

the discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals of approximately once each month, from puberty to menopause; also called menses; sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed

Neonatal

Pertaining to the period of time in which a infant is a neonate; newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age

Obstetrics

branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

Oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

Orchitis

inflammation of a testis; also called orchiditis

Ovarian

pertaining to the ovaries

Postpartum

after childbirth

Prostate

a gland producing fluid; also called prostate gland; produces seminal fluid, nourishes and protects sperm, aids in ejaculation

Scrotal

pertaining to the scrotum

Transabdominal

(pertaining to) through the abdomen

Tubal ligation

female sterilization in which both uterine tubes are blocked; highly effective and recommended for people not wanting more kids but should be considered permanent

Abrasion

occurs when skin is scraped or rubbed away by friction

Abscess

cavity that contains pus caused by an infectious microorganism and surrounded by inflamed tissue

Adipose

fatty

Aseptic

free of pathogenic organisms

Atrophy

wasting of the epidermis; skin appears thin and transparent; (of the skin) is characterized by thinning with the loss of skin markings (stretch marks)

Axilla

armpit

Biopsy

removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis; abbreviated Bx or bx

Cellulitis

acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized most often by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

Contusion

bruising; caused by an injury to the body that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling and discoloration

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of oxygenated blood to tissues

Cyst

a sac filled with fluid or a semisolid material; causes a raised area of the overlying skin

Hives

skin eruption characterized by wheals of varying shapes and sizes with well-defined margins and pale centers; caused by drugs, foods, and insect bites; also called urticaria

Laceration

a torn, jagged wound

Lesion

any visible, localized abnormality of the skin such as a wound, rash, or sore; includes spots that appear on skin in addition to swellings and changes of shape, such as an underlying tumor

Lipoma

benign tumor consisting of mature fat cells

Malignant melanoma

any of a group of malignant tumors that originate in the skin and that are composed of melanocytes; excessive sun exposure increases the risk of melanoma

Necrosis

death of areas of damaged or diseased tissue or bone surrounded by healthy tissue

Nodule

a marble-like solid lesion more than 1 cm wide and deep; causes a raised area of the overlying skin

Scabies

contagious dermatitis caused by the itch mite that is transmitted by close contact

Sepsis

infection or contamination

Septic

used to describe an infected wound

Transdermal

literally "across skin"; a method of applying a drug to unbroken skin (topical drugs)

Ulcer

irregularity shaped erosions that extend into the dermis

Urticaria

skin eruption characterized by wheals of varying shapes and sizes with well-defined margins and pale centers; caused by drugs, foods, and insect bites; also called hives