COM348 TEST 2

Pragmatic Argument

Recommends or discourages a course of action based on its practical consequences.

Argument from Quality

Affirms the inherent value of something unique, beautiful, rare, or unusual.

Categorical Argument

Composed of three categorical statements: two premises and one conclusion.

Essential Nature Argument

Focuses on the unchanging essence of an object, entity, or idea.

Argument from Intent

Determines meaning based on the original intent of an author or designer.

Burden of Proof

The obligation to provide evidence to support a claim.

Visual Argument

Arguments conveyed through images or objects rather than words.

Enumeration Argument

Lists multiple reasons to support a claim.

Argument from Direction

Asserts a course of action will inevitably lead to a specific outcome.

Argument from Principle

Based on fundamental ethical or philosophical beliefs.

Appeal to Authority

Assuming something is true just because an expert says so.

Straw Man

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to weaken it.

Slippery Slope

Claiming one action will inevitably lead to extreme consequences.

Warrant

The underlying assumption that connects evidence to a claim.

Middle Term (Categorical Argument)

Appears in both premises but not in the conclusion.

Modus Ponens

A valid form of argument in conditional reasoning (If A, then B; A is true, therefore B is true).

Argument of Quantity

Based on numerical evidence.

Conditional Argument

Structured around an 'if-then' statement.

Argumentative Definition

A definition employed strategically to influence attitudes or beliefs, often by framing a concept in a particular light to support an argument.

Rhetorical Situation

The context in which an argument is made, including the speaker, audience, purpose, and constraints or opportunities presented.

deductive reasoning

A logical process where the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, typically moving from general statements to specific instances.

inductive reasoning

A logical process that involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations or examples, often used to formulate hypotheses.

activism

The efforts to promote or bring about social or political change through various forms of campaigning, advocacy, or direct action. Activism can involve organizing protests, raising awareness, and mobilizing communities to address specific issues.

euphemism

A figure of speech that replaces a harsh or offensive term with a more mild or indirect expression, often used to soften the impact of the original wording.

labeling

The process of assigning a category or description to a person, group, or concept, often leading to the creation of stereotypes or biases in perception.

deliberative arguments

A form of argument that focuses on discussing and resolving issues through reasoned debate and dialogue, often used in political contexts to evaluate policies or proposals.

antecedent

the clause that follows the “if” in conditional arguments

argument from function

A type of argument that asserts the validity of a claim based on the purpose or role it serves in a particular context, often related to the outcomes it produces.