Acid-Base Balance

7.35-7.45

what is normal body pH

volatile acids

ex: carbonic acid; weak acid that does not release H+ easy, eliminated as CO2 in lungs

nonvolatile acids

ex: lactic, sulfuric, phosphoric, etc; primarily intracellular and work rapidly to correct balance

first line of defense

acid-base line of defense involving physiologic chemical buffer systems, primarily intracellular and work rapidly to correct balance

second line of defense

acid-base line of defense involving respiratory acid-base control using lungs

third line of defense

acid-base line of defense involving renal acid-base control that works in tandem with lungs

H+ and HCO3-

what are the main ions of acid-base systems

35-45

what is normal body PaCO2

22-26

what is normal body HCO3

respiratory opposite metabolic equal

what does the acronym ROME stand for

pH is normal

when is an issue fully compensated

buffers

binds excessively to H+ or OH- without a significant change in pH, works to keep pH in normal range

buffering pair

weak acid and its conjugate base

associate and dissociate quickly

what do the most important plasma buffering systems do?

acidosis

what does it mean if pH is low and HCO3 is low

increasing or decreasing ventilation

how do respiratory systems compensate for pH

acidic/alkaline urine

how does the renal system compensate for pH

bicarbonate-carbonic system

operates in lung/kidneys, lungs decrease carbonic acid and kidneys can reabsorb or regenerate bicarbonate (not as fast)

acidosis

pH is below 7.35 and is caused by a system increase in H+ or decrease in HCO3

alkalosis

ph is above 7.45 and is caused by a system decrease in H+ or increase in HCO3.

metabolic

what type of acidosis/alkalosis is caused by changes in pH due to biochemical processes within the body (HCO3)?

respiratory

what type of acidosis/alkalosis is caused by changes in pH due to breathing problems within the body (PaCO2)?

respiratory acidosis

elevation in PaCO2 as a result of ventilation depression

respiratory alkalosis

depression of PaCO2 as a result of hyperventilation

metabolic acidosis

depression of HCO3 or an increase in non-carbonic acids

metabolic alkalosis

elevation of HCO3 usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids

80-100

normal PaO2

95-100%

normal SpO2