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abstraction
reduces information and detail to facilitate focus on relevant concepts
digital data
information that is stored and transmitted as a series of discrete symbols, or binary code, thag can be read by machines
bits
the smallest unit of digital information that can be stored on a computer
number bases
the total number of digits used in the system
binary numbers
represented by only two digits (0,1)
hexadecimal
uses 16 symbols to represent numbers 0-15 (0-9) and (A-F)
binary sequence
a string of ones and zeros that represent a variety of information
programming languages
specific instructions to produce various outputs
real numbers (floating-point)
computer shorthand for scientific notation
software
a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific task
levels of abstraction
the amount of complexity by which a system is viewed or programmed
high-level languages
programming languages that are used for writing programs or software that can be understood by humans
low-level languages
close to machine code and hardware, and provides direct control over a computers hardware and resources
abstraction hierarchy
framework for describing the functional structure
binary data
a way of representing data using only two possible values
boolean function
a result that can only have one or two possible values
logic gate
a device performing a boolean logic operation on one or more binary inputs and outputs a single binary output
chip
“microchip” stores memory or provides circuitry for micro processing
hardware
the physical components of a computer
lower-level abstraction
a level or programming that provides little to no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture
higher-level abstraction
the entire system, showing less detail
models
systems created to imitate parts of a select process
simulations
used a mathematical description, or model, of a real system in the form of a computer program
hypothesis
a prediction of how a system will behave under specific conditions, or hoe variables will interact
