Procédures Opérationnelles Avions (ATPL 070)

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Operational Procedures course manual covering ICAO/AIR OPS regulations, flight duty, weather hazards, runway conditions, and precision approaches.

Flight Time (Block Time)

The total time measured from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to a complete rest at the end of the flight.

Flight Duty Period (FDP)

The total time between the moment a flight crew member commences duty immediately after a rest period and prior to operating a flight or series of flights, and when relieved of all duties after completing that flight or series of flights.

Rest Period

Any continuous and defined period of time on the ground during which a flight crew member is relieved of all duties by the operator.

Take-off Alternate Aerodrome

An alternate aerodrome where an aircraft can land if it becomes necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.

En-route Alternate Aerodrome

An adequate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land in the event that a diversion becomes necessary while en route.

Destination Alternate Aerodrome

An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should it become impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.

Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL)

A document established for a specific aircraft type by the aircraft manufacturer and approved by the State of Design certification authority, listing the items that may be temporarily inoperative under specified conditions.

Minimum Equipment List (MEL)

A document established by the operator for its own aircraft, based on the MMEL and approved by the operator's Authority, permitting operation of the aircraft with certain inoperative equipment at the commencement of flight.

ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards)

The operation of twin-engine aircraft approved by the Authority beyond specific threshold distances or times (such as $60\,\text{min}$ at one-engine-inoperative cruise speed for Performance Class A with CANSP $\ge 20$ or MMSD $\ge 45,360\,\text{kg}$) from an adequate aerodrome.

Isolated Aerodrome

An aerodrome for which the required fuel (diversion and landing) to reach the nearest adequate destination alternate is greater than $2\,\text{hours}$ of normal cruise consumption for turbine aircraft or $45\,\text{min} + 15\%$ cruise flight time for piston aircraft.

Contaminated Runway

A runway where more than $25\%$ of the required surface area is covered by standing water ($> 3\,\text{mm}$), slush or loose snow equivalent to $> 3\,\text{mm}$ of water, compacted snow, or ice.

Damp Runway

A runway surface that is not dry, but where surface moisture does not give it a shiny appearance.

Wet Runway

A runway surface covered with water or equivalent at a depth less than specified for a contaminated runway, or where surface moisture is sufficient to make it reflective without significant standing water.

Low Visibility Take-Off (LVTO)

A take-off on a runway where the Runway Visual Range (RVR) is less than $400\,\text{m}$.

Fail-Passive Flight Control System

A flight control system that, in the event of a failure, produces no significant out-of-trim condition, trajectory deviation, or abnormal attitude, requiring the pilot to assume manual control because automatic landing is not completed.

Fail-Operational Flight Control System

A flight control system that ensures the approach, flare, and landing can be completed automatically if a failure occurs below the alert height.

De-icing

A procedure that removes ice, snow, slush, or frost from an aircraft's surfaces using mechanical/pneumatic methods or heated fluids.

Anti-icing

A precautionary procedure providing protection against the formation of ice, clear ice, or accumulation of snow and slush on clean aircraft surfaces for a limited time.

Holdover Time (HOT)

The estimated time during which anti-icing fluid will prevent the formation of ice or frost and the accumulation of snow on the treated surfaces of an aircraft.

Microburst

A strong downdraft associated with thunderstorms that impacts a small area of ground (typically less than $2\,\text{km}$ in diameter) and spreads horizontally in all directions, creating severe vertical and horizontal wind shear.

Dynamic Hydroplaning

Hydroplaning caused by standing water on the runway that prevents the tire tread from contacting the runway surface, occurring above a minimum speed given by $V = 9 \sqrt{P}$ in knots (where $P$ is tire pressure in $\text{psi}$ for rotating tires).

Viscous Hydroplaning

Hydroplaning occurring when a thin film of water mixes with dust, oil, or rubber deposits to form a smooth viscous layer, occurring at lower speeds on lightly contaminated surfaces.

Reverted Rubber Hydroplaning

Hydroplaning caused by a prolonged skid that generates heat, melting the tire rubber and trapping steam beneath the tire tread.

Category I Precision Approach (CAT I)

A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS, MLS, or PAR with a decision height (DH) $\ge 200\,\text{ft}$ and a runway visual range (RVR) $\ge 550\,\text{m}$.

Category II Precision Approach (CAT II)

A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with a decision height (DH) between $100\,\text{ft}$ and $200\,\text{ft}$ and an RVR $\ge 300\,\text{m}$.

Category IIIA Precision Approach (CAT IIIA)

A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with a decision height (DH) $< 100\,\text{ft}$ (or no DH) and an RVR $\ge 200\,\text{m}$.

Category IIIB Precision Approach (CAT IIIB)

A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with a decision height (DH) $< 50\,\text{ft}$ (or no DH) and an RVR between $75\,\text{m}$ and $200\,\text{m}$.

Noise Abatement Departure Procedure 1 (NADP 1)

A noise abatement departure procedure designed to provide noise reduction for noise-sensitive areas close to the aerodrome.

Noise Abatement Departure Procedure 2 (NADP 2)

A noise abatement departure procedure designed to provide noise reduction for areas more distant from the aerodrome.

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Airspace where the minimum vertical separation is reduced to $1,000\,\text{ft}$ ($300\,\text{m}$) between flight levels FL 290 and FL 410 inclusive.

Strategic Lateral Offset Procedures (SLOP)

A standard operating procedure in oceanic airspace where aircraft may apply an offset up to $2\,\text{NM}$ to the right of the track centerline to mitigate collision risks and wake turbulence.

Minimum Navigation Performance Specification (MNPS)

A set of navigation performance standards required for aircraft operating in designated oceanic airspace (such as the NAT region), requiring specialized equipment and approvals.

Route de Temps Minimum (RTM)

A flight route chosen in long-haul operations that may be longer in ground distance than the orthodromic route but yields the shortest flight time due to favorable wind conditions.

Precautionary Landing

A planned landing on an appropriate aerodrome executed to control an unexpected situation that does not immediately endanger the safety of the aircraft.

Emergency Landing

An unavoidable landing on land or water executed when continued flight is impossible or when immediate danger threatens the safety of the aircraft and its occupants.