immunotherapy

What is the basic purpose of cancer immunotherapy in your notes?

Use the patient’s immune system to attack mutated/cancer cells.

What are monoclonal antibodies abbreviated as?

mAbs.

What is the basic idea behind monoclonal-antibody cancer therapy?

Give antibodies that attack antigens on cancer cells.

How may monoclonal antibodies be administered?

Some are infusions and some are injections.

What are immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Immunomodulatory antibodies that enhance the immune response against cancer cells.

Do immune checkpoint inhibitors suppress or stimulate the immune response?

They act as immunostimulants.

What is the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on cancer cells?

Enhance immune response and reduce cancer-cell proliferation.

What targets are listed for immune checkpoint inhibitors?

CTLA, programmed cell death receptor, and programmed cell death ligand.

Which immune checkpoint inhibitor prototypes are listed?

Ipilimumab, cemiplimab, dostarlimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, retifanlimab, toripalimab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab.

Ipilimumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Cemiplimab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Dostarlimab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Nivolumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Pembrolizumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Retifanlimab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Toripalimab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Atezolizumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Avelumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

Durvalumab belongs to what cancer-treatment group?

Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

What general adverse effects are listed with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Fatigue and infusion-related reactions.

What skin effect is listed with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Inflammatory skin reactions.

What GI inflammatory problem is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Diarrhea/colitis.

What liver toxicity is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Hepatotoxicity.

What pulmonary toxicity is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Pneumonitis.

What endocrine abnormalities are listed with immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Hypo/hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

What is a major nursing priority during immune checkpoint inhibitor administration?

Monitor for infusion reactions.

What are immunosuppressants used for according to your handwritten notes?

Solid-organ transplants and immune-mediated diseases.

What is the major effect of immunosuppressants?

Suppress immune-system activity.

What major infection concern occurs with immunosuppressants?

Serious infections.

What malignancy concern is listed with immunosuppressants?

Increased risk of malignancies.

What organ toxicities/effects are listed with immunosuppressants?

Hepatotoxicity, hypertension, GI effects, hematologic/bone-marrow suppression, and pulmonary toxicity.

What GI symptoms are listed with immunosuppressants?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.