Perjury
lying under oath
Grand jury
Their role is to determine the charge and if there’s enough evidence to move forward with prosecution
Jury
Their role is just to determine if there’s guilt
Original jurisdiction
What do district courts (state and federal levels) have?
Opinion
When supreme court makes a ruling
Verdict
When the jury makes a ruling
Judicial review
The supreme court has the final authority to declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison
Which case established the principle of judicial review?
Precedent
A court case that sets the basis for other cases in the future
Amicus Curiae
Friend of the court
Secular schools
Non religious
Parochial schools
Religious school (seminary)
Slander
Verbal false/hate speech
Libel
Written false/hate speech
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Which case decided that no famous person can sue over slander/libel?
Hamilton
Author of Federalist 78
The judicial branch and life tenure for judges
Main idea of Federalist 78
Voir dire
Process by which a jury is selected
Real property
Not movable (house, land, barn, tree)
Personal property
Movable (car, jewelry, bank accounts)
Felony
Crime where you go to jail for more than one year
Misdemeanor
Jail for less than one year
Double jeopardy
A person may not be tried twice for the same crime, fifth amendment
Statute of limitations
The amount of time someone can report a crime
Affidavit
A sworn statement confirmed by oath, used as evidence in court
Implied contract
An assumed contract
Expressed contract
A contract that is written or directly stated
Plessy v. ferguson
Which court case established separate but equal?
Brown v. Board of education
Which case overturned Plessy v ferguson?
Statute
Law passed by a legislature
Ordinance
Law not passed by a legislature, could be passed by city or something else
Mistrial
tTrial rendered invalid through an error on its proceedings
Mistrial with prejudice
A trial where the prosecution cannot prosecute again
Roe v. Wade
Which case legalized abortion?
University of California v. Bakke
Which case upheld affirmative action?
California v. azevedo
Which court case decided the police do not need a search warrant for a vehicle if there’s probable cause?
Miranda v. Arizona
Which case determined the Miranda rights (you have the right to remain silent, you have the right to an attorney, etc)?
Establishment clause
Prohibits congress from establishing a religion for the country (states can’t do this either)
12, 15 total for backups
How many men and women compose a jury?
9
How many justices make up the supreme court?
Tort
A wrongful act or infringement of a right or another person, leading to a civil liability
Reasonable man test
“did you wake up in the morning with criminal intent? no.”
Plea bargain
Plea guilty to a lesser charge; negotiation between prosecution and defense; prosecution always initiates this
Reynolds v. US
Which case decided that polygamy is prohibited?
Five levels of evidence
Prima facie, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence, clear and convincing, proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Settle out of court
What do plaintiffs and defendants do in most civil cases?
Exclusionary rule
Evidence that was obtained illegally cannot be used in court
Substantive criminal law
Defines what types of conduct are criminal and prescribes the penalties
Procedural criminal law
Involves the rules designed to implement the substantive law
Western criminal law codes
Sumerian codes, codes of hammurabi, mosaic law, greco-roman law, magna carta, english bill of rights, US constitution and bill of rights, US supreme court rulings
Crime
A public wrong (as opposed to a private wrong); an act of omission/commission
Felony murder
Committing murder in the act of another felony
Accessory to murder (before the fact)
Same charge as murder
Accessory to murder (after the fact)
Lesser charge than murder but still serious
Quid pro quo
“You do this for me, I do this for you”
Sandbagging
Intentionally lowering expectations to beat them
Forgery
Forging or producing a copy of a document or signature
Megan’s law
The sex offender registry can be viewed by the public
Dred Scot v. Sanford
Which case says that states cannot deprive a person of his right to property?
Grutter v. Bollinger
Which case decided that the use of racial preference is permitted for universities when deciding which students to admit?
Mapp v. Ohio
Which case decided that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court?
New Jersey v. TLO
Which case decided that schools are only required to have "reasonable suspicion" to search students?
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Which case decided that abortion was not ruled a constitutional right?
The criminal justice system
The network of government and private agencies intended to manage, accuse, and convict a criminal is comprised of multiple interrelated pillars consisting of academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the judiciary, and corrections.
False
All members of the federal court system must have a law degree
Violent felonies
Homicide, robbery, armed robbery, burglary, drug trafficking, selling drugs on school campus, arson, malicious destruction of property.
Misdemeanor examples
Petty theft, prostitution, public intoxication, simple assault, trespassing, shoplifting, vandalism, reckless driving, indecent exposure.