Judicial branch test

Perjury

lying under oath

Grand jury

Their role is to determine the charge and if there’s enough evidence to move forward with prosecution

Jury

Their role is just to determine if there’s guilt

Original jurisdiction

What do district courts (state and federal levels) have?

Opinion

When supreme court makes a ruling

Verdict

When the jury makes a ruling

Judicial review

The supreme court has the final authority to declare acts of congress unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison

Which case established the principle of judicial review?

Precedent

A court case that sets the basis for other cases in the future

Amicus Curiae

Friend of the court

Secular schools

Non religious

Parochial schools

Religious school (seminary)

Slander

Verbal false/hate speech

Libel

Written false/hate speech

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell

Which case decided that no famous person can sue over slander/libel?

Hamilton

Author of Federalist 78

The judicial branch and life tenure for judges

Main idea of Federalist 78

Voir dire

Process by which a jury is selected

Real property

Not movable (house, land, barn, tree)

Personal property

Movable (car, jewelry, bank accounts)

Felony

Crime where you go to jail for more than one year

Misdemeanor

Jail for less than one year

Double jeopardy

A person may not be tried twice for the same crime, fifth amendment

Statute of limitations

The amount of time someone can report a crime

Affidavit

A sworn statement confirmed by oath, used as evidence in court

Implied contract

An assumed contract

Expressed contract

A contract that is written or directly stated

Plessy v. ferguson

Which court case established separate but equal?

Brown v. Board of education

Which case overturned Plessy v ferguson?

Statute

Law passed by a legislature

Ordinance

Law not passed by a legislature, could be passed by city or something else

Mistrial

tTrial rendered invalid through an error on its proceedings

Mistrial with prejudice

A trial where the prosecution cannot prosecute again

Roe v. Wade

Which case legalized abortion?

University of California v. Bakke

Which case upheld affirmative action?

California v. azevedo

Which court case decided the police do not need a search warrant for a vehicle if there’s probable cause?

Miranda v. Arizona

Which case determined the Miranda rights (you have the right to remain silent, you have the right to an attorney, etc)?

Establishment clause

Prohibits congress from establishing a religion for the country (states can’t do this either)

12, 15 total for backups

How many men and women compose a jury?

9

How many justices make up the supreme court?

Tort

A wrongful act or infringement of a right or another person, leading to a civil liability

Reasonable man test

“did you wake up in the morning with criminal intent? no.”

Plea bargain

Plea guilty to a lesser charge; negotiation between prosecution and defense; prosecution always initiates this

Reynolds v. US

Which case decided that polygamy is prohibited?

Five levels of evidence

Prima facie, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence, clear and convincing, proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Settle out of court

What do plaintiffs and defendants do in most civil cases?

Exclusionary rule

Evidence that was obtained illegally cannot be used in court

Substantive criminal law

Defines what types of conduct are criminal and prescribes the penalties

Procedural criminal law

Involves the rules designed to implement the substantive law

Western criminal law codes

Sumerian codes, codes of hammurabi, mosaic law, greco-roman law, magna carta, english bill of rights, US constitution and bill of rights, US supreme court rulings

Crime

A public wrong (as opposed to a private wrong); an act of omission/commission

Felony murder

Committing murder in the act of another felony

Accessory to murder (before the fact)

Same charge as murder

Accessory to murder (after the fact)

Lesser charge than murder but still serious

Quid pro quo

“You do this for me, I do this for you”

Sandbagging

Intentionally lowering expectations to beat them

Forgery

Forging or producing a copy of a document or signature

Megan’s law

The sex offender registry can be viewed by the public

Dred Scot v. Sanford

Which case says that states cannot deprive a person of his right to property?

Grutter v. Bollinger

Which case decided that the use of racial preference is permitted for universities when deciding which students to admit?

Mapp v. Ohio

Which case decided that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court?

New Jersey v. TLO

Which case decided that schools are only required to have "reasonable suspicion" to search students?

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

Which case decided that abortion was not ruled a constitutional right?

The criminal justice system

The network of government and private agencies intended to manage, accuse, and convict a criminal is comprised of multiple interrelated pillars consisting of academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the judiciary, and corrections.

False

All members of the federal court system must have a law degree

Violent felonies

Homicide, robbery, armed robbery, burglary, drug trafficking, selling drugs on school campus, arson, malicious destruction of property.

Misdemeanor examples

Petty theft, prostitution, public intoxication, simple assault, trespassing, shoplifting, vandalism, reckless driving, indecent exposure.