Chapter 1: The Science of Biology

Biology is the s____ study of l____, p____ and pr____.

scientific, life, past, present.

All things, living or not, consist of the same building blocks, which are a____.

atoms

Key Features of Life

1. All living things consist of o____ o____ m____ c____.

2. To sustain all life, there must be o____ i____ of e____ and n____.

3. Living things r____ and d____.
   M____ life forms reproduce s____, while u____ life forms reproduce a____.

4. H____.
   Living things s____ and r____ a____ to c____.

5. G____ i____ in the form of ____ is passed to o____.

1. one or more cells.

2. ongoing input, energy, nutrients.

3. reproduce, develop
   Multicellular, sexually, unicellular, asexually.

4. Homeostasis
   sense, respond appropriately, change.

5. Genetic information, DNA, offspring.

An a____ is the f____ b____ b____ of all m____.

atom, fundamental building block, matter.

A m____ is the a____ of t____ o____ m____ a____.

molecule, association, two or more, atoms.

A c____ is the s____ u____ of l____.

cell, smallest unit, life.

A t____ is a group of s____ cells that are o____ to p____ a c____ f____.

tissue, specialized, organized. perform, collective function.

An o____ is a group of t____ that are e____ in a c____ t____.

organ, tissues, engaged, collective task.

An o____ s____ is a s____ of organs e____ in a c____ t____.

organ system, set, engaged, collective task.

An o____ is a m____ i____ that consists of m____ t____ o____ c____.

organism, multicellular individual, more than one cell.

A p____ is a g____ of the s____ s____ of o____ in a g____ a____.

population, group, same species, organisms, given area.

A c____ refers to a____ p____ of a____ s____ in a s____ a____.

community, all populations, all species, specific area.

An e____ refers to a c____ i____ with its p____ e____.

ecosystem, community interacting, physical environment.

The b____ refers to the s____ of the e____ e____.

biosphere, sum, entire ecosystem.

C____ of a system that d____ n____ a____ in any of the system’s components are called e____ p____.

Characteristics, do not appear, emergent properties.

A n____ is a s____ that an organism o____ for s____.

nutrient, substance, obtains, survival.

A p____ is an organism that m____ i____ o____ f____.
P____ o____ such as plants c____ l____ e____ from the S____ and c____ it into c____ e____.

producer, makes its own food.
Photosynthetic organisms, capture light energy, Sun, convert, chemical energy.

A c____ is an organism that o____ its e____ and n____ by f____ on o____ o____.

consumer, obtains, energy, nutrients, feeding, other organisms.

Energy is ____ recycled.
Instead, energy f____ in and enters the ecosystem as l____ and f____ o____ as h____.

not
flows, light, flows out, heat.

Organisms g____ and d____ according to s____ i____ c____ for by their g____.

D____ carries h____ i____ that g____ c____ f____ like d____, g____, r____, and i____.
It is the b____ of s____ in the f____ and f____ of organisms.

grow, develop, specific instructions coded, genes.

DNA, hereditary information, guides cell functions, development, growth, reproduction, inheritance.
basis, similarities, form, function

Homeostasis is the p____ by which organisms keep its i____ c____ within t____ r____.

process, internal conditions, tolerable ranges.

B____ is the s____ of v____ among living organisms.

Biodiversity, scope, variation

A p____ is a s____-____ organisms w____ a n____.

prokaryote, single-celled, without, nucleus.

A e____ refers to an organism’s c____ that have a n____ p____.

eukaryote, cells, nucleus present.

A s____ refers to a u____ t____ of organism.

species, unique type

T____ is the s____ of n____ and c____ species.

Taxonomy, science, naming, classifying

A t____ refers to a g____ of organisms that s____ a u____ s____ o____ t____.

taxon, group, shares, unique set of traits.

Living organisms are c____ based on their s____ and d____.

classified, similarities, differences.

Name the 7 levels of the Linnaean classification of species, from most to least inclusive.

1. domain

2. kingdom

3. phylum

4. class

5. order

6. family

7. genus

8. species

A h____ is a p____ e____ for a s____ o____ o____.
It m____ b____ t____ and f____.

hypothesis, proposed explanation, set of observations.
must be testable, falsifiable.

A t____ is b____ i____ s____ and s____ by a l____ and u____ g____ b____ o____ e____.

theory, broad in scope, supported, large, usually growing body of evidence.

Hypotheses can be t____ via c____ e____.

Scientists m____ o____ c____ in a system and o____ the e____ of this c____.

tested, controlled experiments.

manipulate one component, observe, effects, change.

The i____ v____ is the o____ variable that is c____ in the experiment.

independent variable, one, changed

The d____ v____ is the m____ used to j____ the o____ of the experiment.

dependent variable, measure, judge, outcome

The c____ v____ is the variable that r____ t____ s____ among all experimental groups.

controlled variable, remains the same.

A c____ experiment is one in which an e____ g____ is c____ with a c____ g____.

controlled, experimental group, compared, control group.

A s____ e____ refers to the d____ between r____ obtained from a s____ and r____ from the w____.

sampling error, difference, results, subset, results, whole.

Humans are b____ and s____ by n____.
Experimenters r____ i____ their results based on their d____ o____ of the experiment.

To m____ b____, experiments should yield q____ results.

biased, subjective, nature.

risk interpreting, desired outcome

minimize bias, quantitative