EU history

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12 Terms

1
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What was Shean Monet’s role to help Europe recover after WWII?

  • help France and rest of Europe recover

  • advise French Finance Minister Robert Schumann on an economic union across borders.

    • Schuhmann Declaration (9 May 1950 → Europe Day)

    • Treaty of Paris (1951): foundation of ECSC to prevent further war between France and Germany

2
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Which 6 countries founded the European Community of Steel and Coal (ECSC)?

France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Belguim, The Netherlands

→ was first step to European unity! (Treaty of Paris, 1951)

3
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What was the aim of the Treaty of Rome signed by 6 founding nations of ECSC in 1957?

  • create a customs union and a common market between member states

  • broaden economic cooperation between European countries

  • higher income, higher standard of living

  • foundation European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (Euroatom)

4
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What is the purpose of a customs union?

  • member states don’t have to pay additional tariffs or taxes for trade with member states

  • set common external tariffs for trade with non-member states

  • eliminate customs / duties on trade between member states

5
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What are the four fundamental freedoms on which the Common Market is based?

freedom of movement of

  • goods

  • services

  • people

  • capital

! You could move yourself, your capital, goods and services to any EU member state without having to pay taxes, fees, customs !

6
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What was the first step for the EEC towards a democratic system?

1979: first election of MEP’s by EU citizens (citizens had a say for first time)

7
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In what way did the fall of the Berlin wall on 9 November 1989 and the end of the Cold War change the landscape of Europe?

  • Eastern and Western Europe were no longer separated

  • Collapse of communism

    • new opportunities for expansion and support of the growth of democracy

8
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What is the Maastricht Treaty (1993)?

  • foundation of The European Union

Main principles:

  • monetary unit

  • defence, foreign affairs & safety policy

9
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Why was the Schengen Treaty (1995) such an important step?

  • important for freedom of movement

    • abolished internal border controls

    • strengthened external borders

! UK, Ireland and Denmark didn’t participate !

10
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Why did a constitution for Europe not come into being in its original form?

  • EU looked too much like a state (constitution, flag, anthem, currency, government)

  • people might become worried that EU would become a superstate

  • The Netherlands and France voted against it in national referendums

11
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Why were EU leaders convinced that the institutional changes were necessary?

the membership had doubled

12
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What was the Treaty of Lisbon (2009)?

  • reforms to existing treaties leaving out the name “intistutional treaty” & official EU symbols

  • remained President, Foreign Minister, Charter of fundamental rights (doc.) from constitutional treaty

Aims:

  • make EU more democratic

  • make EU more efficient and able to tackle today’s global challenges (e.g. climate change)

! Now everyone was happy, except Ireland !