Socialisation

What is socialisation?

The process by which an individual learns the norms and values of society

When does socialisation begin and end?

Socialisation begins at birth and continues throughout life

What type of process is socialisation?

It is an integral process - to ensure norms and values are shared and internalised

What is primary socialisation?

Where a child learns from the immediate family in the home to adopt the beliefs, values and expectations

What is secondary socialisation?

Where a child learns what wider society expects of it’s members and takes place outside the home

How is secondary socialisation acquired?

Through friendships, education, media, religion etc

What is tertiary socialisation?

Adult socialisation and takes place when people adapt to new situations

What is an example of tertiary socialisation?

Becoming a parent, starting a new job etc

What is formal socialisation?

Processes where people are deliberately manipulated so they will learn certain rules - eg educational processes

What is informal socialisation?

A process where people learn to fit into their culture by watching and learning from others around them

What are agents of socialisation?

People who pass on culture - they are individuals, groups and institutions who are involved in the socialisation process

What is imitation?

Where children learn social skills by watching and copying their parents

What are role models?

People that children will copy - eg children are often encouraged to act like their same sex parent

What are sanctions?

Punishments and rewards that children may receive for their bad or good behaviour

What are expectations?

Something that is envisioned for someone to do - eg boys developing better spatial skills

What are agencies of secondary socialisation?

Learning new sets of behaviours after moving out from parents and encountering the wider social world