Genetics - Inheritance
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22 Terms
Allele
Different versions of a gene that can occupy the same gene locus on homogus chromosomes, influencing variations in traits
Locus
The specific position of a gene on a chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes
the matching pair of chromosomes you inherit, one from your mother and one from your father.
dominant
an allele that is expressed as a trait when present in either homozygous or heterzygous - masking recessive allele
Recessive
an allele whose expression is masked by the dominant allele only present in homozygous
Monohybrid cross
A breeding diagram used to predict the inheritance of one characteristic that is controlled by one gene. Often, the parents have two different alleles for that characteristic.
homozygous dominant
having two identical dominant alleles
homozygous recessive
having two identical recessive alleles
Heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait
Genotype
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Sex chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an individual's biological sex.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Haploid (n)
Cells containing a single set of chromosomes, such as gametes produced during meiosis. (Sex cells)
Diploid (2n)
Cells containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. (Somatic cells)
Gametes
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) formed through the process of meiosis.
Crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
Independent Assortment
The random distribution of homologous chromosomes into daughter cells during meiosis.
Meiosis I
The first division of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated.
Meiosis II
The second division of meiosis where sister chromatids are separated, similar to mitosis.
How many chromosomes diploid cell
46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes in a haploid cell?
23 chromosomes