Sosci Section IV: pg. 86-end of section

Which of Ravenstein's laws is wrong?

Rule 5: urban dwellers are less migratory than rural people

When does propensity to migrate peak?

25 yrs of age

When does propensity to migrate peak for a second time after 25 years of age?

Age of retirement

Relationship between migration intensity and age is commonly known as...

Migration age profile or schedule

Labor migration from Philippines to South and East Asia reasoning:

Many women work as domestic helpers

Labor migration from South Asian countries such as Bangladesh and Nepal to Persian Gulf states such as Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE reasoning:

Men perform physically demanding jobs in construction, factories, shipyards, and hospitality

Sun Belt region

Florida, Texas, Arizona

Maximizing their benefits AKA their _____

utility

The Macroadjustment Theory and Human Capital Model both rely on

Rational behavior and perfect information

Monetarg

Pecuniary

Nonpecuniary or psychic

Anything not relating to money

Who has the highest remittance recipients? (top 3)

India, then Mexico, then China

How large is the US Mexican border?

700 mile wall along 1954 miles border

Relatively mobile countries include

US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Which groups of countries are more mobile

1) Britain, France, Switzerland, Scandinavia

2) Austria, Belgium, Italy, Poland

1)

When was the UNHCR established

1950

Top 3 countries hosting greatest numbers of refugees

Iran, then Turkey, then Germany

Which form allows someone to become an asylum seeker for the US?

Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal

When can refugees admitted to the country apply for Lawful Permanent Residency?

1 year

How long does one have to be a permanent resident to apply for citizenship?

4 years

Do IDPs and refugees both qualify for assistance and protection from UNHCR?

NO, IDP's do not

As of April 2025, _____ million people, or roughly 1 in every _____ people worldwide, were forcibly displaced

122; 67

Among 122 million people, how many were refugees and IDPs according to the UNHCR in April 2025?

42.7 million people were refugees, 73.5 million were IDPs

In the last decade, displacement has nearly...

Doubled

In the second half of 2024, the rate of increase...

slowed

In April 2025, the number of forcibly displaced in the world....

decreased slighty, by about 1.1 million people

UNHCR shows that _____ countries generates 10,000 or more refugees in 2024

89

UNHCR shows that _____ countries had 100,000 or more refugees in 2024

41

UNHCR shows that _____ countries has 1 million or more refugees in 2024

10

UNHCR showed that _____ countries had 10,000 or more IDPs

49

UNHCR showed that _____ countries had 100,000 or more IDPs

36

UNHCR showed that _____ countries had 1 million or more IDPs

16

The top 10 refugee and IDP source countries in 2024 account for _____ percent of all refugees and _____ percent of all IDPs worldwide

91; 75

How many of the top 10 refugee and IDP source countries in 2024 appear in both lists

7 countries

Top refugee source country

Venezuela

Top IDP source country

Sudan

Venezuela plot of crisis:

2024 presidential election of Nicolás Maduro cause political instability and economic hardship

When did the Taliban retake power in Afghanistan

August 15, 2021

When did the US withdraw from Afghanistan

February 29, 2020

How many people have fleed from Sudan

1/3 of its 50.5 million people

When did the Sudanese civil war break out

April 2023

Who were the opposing forces in the Sudanese Civil War

Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF)

How many people were displaced by the end of 2024 in the DRC

7.4 million people

How many people were internally displaced in the DRC in 2024 alone

5.3 million people

How many people left the DRC in 2024 alone

61,660 people

When was the refugee crisis

2015-16

Decision to return to home country after initial problem is resolved

Voluntary Repatriation

Decision to resettle in a neighboring country as only choice

Resettlement in the country of first asylum

Decision to resettle in another country after resettling in 1 country already

Resettlement in a third country

How many refugees worldwide returned to their home countries in 2024?

1.6 million

How many refugees went back to Syria in 2024

512,718

How many refugees went back to South Sudan in 2024

404,744

How many refugees went back to Afghanistan in 2024

364,443

How many refugees went back to Ukraine in 2024

209,064

NGOs

Non-governmental organization

IOM

International Organization for Migration

UN Refugee Agency

Offers assistance as people resettle

Which refugees have dealt with cycles of resettlements due to recurring issues

Sudanese

About what percentage of all refugees flee to neighboring countries

60 to 80 percent

Medecins Sans Frontieres

Doctors Without Borders; the world's leading independent medical relief organization; an NGO

Red Cross is an example of

NGO

When did Palestinian refugees first flee their homes

1948

In 2024, how many refugees were resettled to third countries

188,800

How many other refugees were granted citizenship in their host country or perminent residence status

88,900

Countries with best refugee resettlement policies include

Germany or Sweden

Top 3 destination countries to flee to

US then Iran then Germany

Top 3 highest protection countries for refugees

Germany then Chad then Poland

Highest concentrated places (number of refugees per 1,000 people) of refugees

1) Lebanon

2) Jordan

3) Turkey

When did US admit European refugees

WW2

Who did the US admit as refugees in the 1970s

Vietnamese "boat people"

Who did the US admit as refugees in 1999

Kosovars

Other random places the US has admitted refugees from (3)

Burma, Bhutan, Eritrea

Example of US foreign policy against Communism in refugees

Hungary and Cuban Revolution

How many Hungarian refugees were admitted to the US in through Operation Safe Haven in 1956

30,000

How many Hungarian fled the country because of Soviet Union action against people who were against the government which backed Soviet policy

200,000

Who intitiated Operation Safe Haven

US President Dwight Eisenhower

Where was the central processing point for Hungarian refugees coming to the US

Camp Kilmer, New Jersey

When did Congress allow Hungarians to become lawful parmanent residents

1958

What were the conditions to be a refugee according to the 1965 Immigration and Nationality act

1) located out of US

2) have a fear of persecution or suffered it

3) be of humanitarian concern to US

4) not being resettled in another country

5) being admissible under law (no crime, disease, or dependency, etc)

What percentage of all immigrants could come as a refugee according to the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act

6 percent

When did the US formally recognize the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

1968

When did Congress pass the Refugee Act

1980

What office did the Refugee Act establish

ORR: Office of Refugee Resettlement

What assistance does the ORR provide to refugees

Housing, language training, and medical care

Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions

Allows the President of the US to add annual ceilings for refugee resettlement

Trend of ceiling for refugee resettlement

Going down

How many refugees were admitted in the US in 1980

207,000 refugees

How many refugees were admitted in the US in the mid-1980

70,000

How many refugees were admitted in the US in 1992

132,531

How many refugees were admitted in the US in the 2 years after 9/11

30,000

What laws came after 9/11 attacks

USA Patriot Act

President George W. Bush's trend for refugee admissions

Increased steadily

President Obama's trend for refugee admissions

Maintained same ceilings as when President Bush left