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Atom
Basic unit of matter
Nucleus
Center of an atom
Electron
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Compound
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ion
A charged atom
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Molecule
smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
Van der Waals forces
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
Hydrogen bond
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Mixture
2 or more elemental compounds physically mixed together, but not chemically combined.
Solution
A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Suspension
A mixture in which particles can be seen
pH scale
measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Acid
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution
Base
a compound that produces hydroxide(OH-) ions in solution
Buffers
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
Monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Polymer
a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers
Carbohydrates
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecules
Lipids
large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water
Nucleic Acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Proteins
macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Chemical Reactions
a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
Reactants
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
Activation Energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions)
Substrates
the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Simple Sugars (glucose)
What are the monomers of Carbohydrates?
Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen
What are the Polymers of Carbohydrates?
Fatty Acids
What are the monomers of Lipids?
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
What are the polymers of Lipids?
Nucleotides
What are the monomers of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
What are the polymers of Nucleic Acids?
Amino Acids
What are the monomers of proteins?
Collagen, Enzymes, Antibodies
What are the polymers of proteins?
Carbon-Hydrogen Chains
What are Fatty Acids made from?
Provide energy/structure
What do carbohydrates do?
Carbon
What are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins made of.
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, usually in a 1:2:1 ratio
What are Carbohydrates made of (elements)?
Long chains of Sugar Molecules
What are polysaccharides?
Starch
What form do plants use to store glucose?
Cellulose
What is a tough fiber, that makes up cell wall?
Glycogen
What type of carb. do animals use to store glucose?
Animals
Do plants or animals use saturated fats?
Plants
Do plants or animals use unsaturated fats?
Carbon-Hydrogen bonds
What type of bond is most abundant in Saturated fats?
Butter
What is an example of Saturated fats?
Carbon-Carbon Bonds
What type of bond is most abundant in Unsaturated Fats?
Olive Oil
What is an example of Unsaturated Fats?
Carry Information
What do Nucleic Acids do?
Sugar, Phosphate, and Nitrogen
What are nucleotides made up of?
Stores and organism's genetic blueprint
What does DNA Do?
Helps make protein in the cells
What does RNA do?
Provide structure and support
What do Proteins do?
Long chain of amino acids
What are Polypeptides?
Collagens
What is the most abundant Protein?
The Skin and Bones
Where are Collagens found
Act as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body.
What do Enzymes do?
Help the immune system fight diseases
What do antibodies do?
Endergonic
What are chemical reactions that absorb energy?(P>energy R)
Exergonic
What are Chemical Reactions that release energy?(P<energy R)
Enzymes bind with substrates on their activation sight
How does an enzyme-substrate complex Form?
Temperature and pH
What affects enzyme shape/function
Note 
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