Unit 3 Land Based Empires 1450-1750

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts.

Gunpowder Empires

States that relied on gunpowder to keep power and expand their territories in SE Asia, Asia, and SW Asia.

Tamerlane

Military leader from Samarkand who took land in Persia and India, used military to control merchants on silk roads; empire failed due to high military funding and internal disputes.

Ottoman Empire

Islamic empire (1299-1922); largest during its time. Conquered Constantinople in 1453 under Mehmed II; reached its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566).

Mehmed II

Ottoman leader who conquered Constantinople in 1453 using gunpowder and advanced cannons.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ottoman ruler (1520-1566) during the empire's peak; conquered more area around the Mediterranean.

Safavid Empire

Islamic empire (1501-1736) founded by Ismail I, who conquered most of Persia and parts of Iraq using gunpowder; practiced Shia Islam.

Ismail I

Founder of the Safavid Empire, conquered most of Persia and parts of Iraq using gunpowder and established Shia Islam

Mughal Empire

Empire (1526-1761) founded by Babur, a descendent of Tamerlane, in India; Akbar was an important ruler.

Babur

Descendant of Tamerlane who founded the Mughal Empire by conquering Northern India utilizing gunpowder.

Akbar

Important ruler of the Mughal Empire who was muslim but supported other religions in India

Sikhism

Religion started in Punjab, India around 1500. Values equality, social justice, service to humanity, and tolerance for other religions.

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

Became Tsar in 1547. Expanded Russia further east into mongolian territory with gunpowder.

Tokugawa Shogunate

Japanese shogunate (1603-1868) that centralized power, bringing peace; followed a period of warring daimyo

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that replaced the Yuan Dynasty; known for restoring the Great Wall.

Qing Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (1636) established by Manchu Jurchens; expanded territory under Emperor Kang Xi.

Emperor Kang Xi

Expanded Chinese territory into Taiwan, Mongolia, Central Asia, Tibet with gunpowder during the Qing Dynasty

Divine Right of Kings

European concept similar to the Mandate of Heaven, where rulers believed their power came directly from God.

Justices of the Peace

Officials used by the Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603) in England to settle legal disputes and carry out the will of the monarch around England

English Bill of Rights

1689 Parliament passed bill that allowed freedom to petition, protections from cruel and unusual punishment

Absolutism

Monarchical system in France giving absolute power to the king.

Louis XIV

Consolidated so much power he was virtually a dictator. He Combined legislative and judicial system for himself, built Palace at Versailles to show power, and decreed that nobles must live there to keep them close and avoid rebellion

Devshirme System

System used by Ottoman sultans where enslaved people were taken from tribute states (Balkans), educated, and made to serve in the military or as administrators.

Janissaries

Elite military corps of the Ottoman empire from the Devshirme system

Daimyo

Landowning aristocracy who employed samurai for protection in Feudal Japan

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A daimyo who moved power from daimyo to shogun

Zamindars

Went around india collecting taxes and settling disputes as administrative power

Bhakti Movement

Spiritual and social movement in India that emphasized the importance of personal relationship with a deity.

Sufism

Mystic belief system with rituals closer to God with prayer and meditation that emphasizes brotherhood.

Protestant Reformation

16th century movement that challenged the authority and corruption of the Pope, led by Martin Luther.

Counter-Reformation

Catholics' attempt to gain back followers, focusing on the teachings of Jesus, self-control and moderation, and missionaries.

Confucianism

Philosophical system focusing on social harmony, filial piety, authority, and tradition that greatly influenced Chinese empires.