control of blood glucose concentration

Using your knowledge of the kidney, explain why glucose is found in the urine of a person with untreated diabetes. (3)

• high concentration of glucose in blood/filtrate

• not all glucose reabsorbed at proximal convoluted tubule

• because glucose carrier/co transport proteins working at maximum rate

Each year, a few people with type I diabetes are given a pancreas transplant. Pancreas transplants are not used to treat people with type II diabetes. Give two reasons why pancreas transplants are not used for the treatment of type II diabetes. (2)

• type II diabetes produce insulin

• cells are less receptive

• it is controlled by diet

Diabetes can damage the nervous system. The response of the heart rate of the rats with diabetes is different from the response of the healthy rats. Use your knowledge of the control of heart rate by the nervous system to suggest an explanation for these results. (4)

• damage to autonomic NS

• baroreceptors don’t work as well

• damage to medulla

• when pressure increases HR does not decrease as much because parasympathetic nerve damaged

• when pressure decreases HR does not increase as much because sympathetic nerve damaged

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