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Brutus Papers
A series of essays by Brutus arguing against a strong central government in the U.S. Constitution.
Individual Liberties
Rights and freedoms that Brutus believed would be eroded by a strong central government.
State Sovereignty
The authority of states to govern themselves, which Brutus argued would be diminished under a strong federal government.
Disconnect
Brutus's concern that a large republic would create a gap between representatives and their constituents.
Ineffective Policymaking
The result of representatives being unable to address the diverse needs of their constituents, as argued by Brutus.
Centralized Government
Brutus feared this would be distant and unresponsive to local needs and challenges.
Bureaucratic System
A complex government structure that could become detached from grassroots issues, according to Brutus.
Local Governance
Brutus emphasized its importance for maintaining close ties between representatives and constituents.
Federal Power
The authority of the national government, which Brutus cautioned could lead to the consolidation of power at the expense of states.
Commerce Clause
A provision in the Constitution granting Congress the power to regulate commerce, impacting federal authority.
Necessary and Proper Clause
Also known as the Elastic Clause, it allows Congress to make laws necessary for executing its powers.
Supremacy Clause
Establishes that federal law is the supreme law of the land, overriding state laws.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Requires states to recognize the public acts and judicial proceedings of other states.
National Sovereignty
The ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual liberties and limit federal power.
Articles of the Constitution
Seven sections outlining the structure and functions of the U.S. government.
Implied Powers Doctrine
The principle that the federal government has powers beyond those explicitly stated in the Constitution.
McCulloch v Maryland
A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principles of implied powers and federal supremacy.
Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by both the federal and state governments.
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