Ib bio Hl plants unit

Transpiration

The process by which water moves passively from the roots, through the plant, to the leaves and exits via the stomata.

Xylem

A type of vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

A vascular tissue that transports sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Cohesion

The property that allows water molecules to stick together, maintaining a continuous column of water in the xylem.

Adhesion

The property that allows water molecules to stick to the walls of the xylem, aiding in water transport.

Potometer

An instrument used to measure the rate of transpiration by assessing how fast water is taken into the plant.

Abiotic Factors

Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed that affect the rate of transpiration.

Sieve Elements

Specialized cells in phloem that facilitate the transport of sugars and lack a nucleus.

Companion Cells

Living cells in phloem that provide metabolic support to sieve elements and assist in nutrient transport.

Phloem Fibers

Sclerenchyma cells that provide structural support to the phloem.

Phloem Parenchyma

Living cells in phloem that store nutrients and assist in lateral transport.

Vascular Cambium

The tissue from which phloem develops in dicots.

Procambium

The tissue from which phloem develops in monocots.

Sieve Tube Cells

Elongated cells in phloem that transport carbohydrates and lack a nucleus.

Metabolic Activity

The processes carried out by companion cells to support sieve tube cells in nutrient transport.

Structural Support

The role of phloem fibers in providing strength to the phloem tissue.

Water Entry

The process by which water enters the roots through osmosis.

Leaf Adaptations

Features such as reduced leaf size, rolled leaves, and thicker cuticles that help minimize water loss through transpiration.

What is the structure of Sieve Tube Cells?

Elongated, arranged end to end, lack a nucleus.

What is the structure of Companion Cells?

Smaller, contain a nucleus, metabolically active.

What is the primary function of Sieve Tube Cells?

Transport carbohydrates (e.g., sucrose).

What is the primary function of Companion Cells?

Support sieve tube cells, load/unload nutrients.

How do Sieve Tube Cells connect for nutrient flow?

Form long tubes with sieve plates.

How are Companion Cells connected to Sieve Tube Cells?

Connected via plasmodesmata.

What is the metabolic activity of Sieve Tube Cells?

Depend on companion cells for metabolic needs.

What metabolic functions do Companion Cells perform?

Assist sieve tubes with metabolic functions.

What role do Sieve Tube Cells play in plants?

Main transport of nutrients throughout the plant.

What role do Companion Cells play in plants?

Ensure functionality and efficiency of nutrient transport.

What are sieve elements?

Specialized cells that facilitate the transport of sugars and lack a nucleus.

What do sieve elements have at their ends?

Sieve plates that allow for the flow of sap between cells.

What is the role of companion cells?

They provide metabolic support to sieve elements and assist in loading and unloading sugars.

What are phloem fibers?

Sclerenchyma cells that provide structural support to the phloem.

What is the function of phloem parenchyma?

Living cells that store nutrients and aid in lateral transport of substances.

Where is phloem typically found in plants?

In the inner part of the bark, arranged in bundles with xylem.

How does the arrangement of phloem vary?

It can differ among plant species, affecting nutrient transport efficiency.

What is the primary function of phloem?

To transport organic compounds, especially sucrose, from source to sink tissues.

Besides transporting sugars, what else does phloem distribute?

Hormones and signaling molecules throughout the plant.

From where does phloem develop in dicots?

From the vascular cambium.

From where does phloem develop in monocots?

From the procambium.

What influences the development of phloem?

Environmental factors and the plant's growth stage.

What is xylem?

A type of vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

What is phloem?

A vascular tissue that transports sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

What are plasmodesmata?

Tiny connections between plant cells.

What do plasmodesmata allow plant cells to share?

Food, water, and messages.

How do plasmodesmata help plants?

They help plants work together, stay healthy, and grow strong.

What should you remember about plants when you see one?

They have a whole network of tiny tunnels helping them out.