Viruses and Prions

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These flashcards cover key concepts related to viruses and prions in microbiology, essential for understanding their characteristics, classification, and impact on host organisms.

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16 Terms

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Filterable viruses

Viruses that can pass through filters designed to trap bacteria, indicating they are smaller than bacteria.

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Obligate intracellular parasites

Viruses that can only replicate inside a host cell by taking over the host's machinery.

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Capsid

The protein shell of a virus that encases its nucleic acid.

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Naked virus

A virus that consists only of a nucleocapsid without any lipid envelope.

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Virion

A fully formed virus that is capable of establishing an infection in a host cell.

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Lysogenic cycle

A viral replication process where the viral DNA integrates into the host DNA and remains dormant.

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Cytopathic effects (CPEs)

Visible changes in a host cell due to viral infection, which can lead to cell damage or death.

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Oncoviruses

Viruses that can cause cancer by transforming host cells.

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Provirus

Viral DNA that has integrated into the host cell's chromosome.

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Viral nucleic acids

The genetic material of viruses, which can be either DNA or RNA, but not both.

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Bacteriophage

A type of virus that infects bacteria.

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Satellite viruses

Viruses that require a helper virus for their replication.

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Viroids

Infectious agents composed solely of RNA that can cause disease in plants.

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Spikes

Protein structures on the surface of a virus that assist in attaching to host cells.

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Retroviruses

Viruses that can convert their RNA genome into DNA using reverse transcriptase.

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Viral replication cycle

The sequence of processes a virus undergoes to invade a host cell, replicate, and release new viral particles.