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These flashcards cover key concepts related to viruses and prions in microbiology, essential for understanding their characteristics, classification, and impact on host organisms.
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Filterable viruses
Viruses that can pass through filters designed to trap bacteria, indicating they are smaller than bacteria.
Obligate intracellular parasites
Viruses that can only replicate inside a host cell by taking over the host's machinery.
Capsid
The protein shell of a virus that encases its nucleic acid.
Naked virus
A virus that consists only of a nucleocapsid without any lipid envelope.
Virion
A fully formed virus that is capable of establishing an infection in a host cell.
Lysogenic cycle
A viral replication process where the viral DNA integrates into the host DNA and remains dormant.
Cytopathic effects (CPEs)
Visible changes in a host cell due to viral infection, which can lead to cell damage or death.
Oncoviruses
Viruses that can cause cancer by transforming host cells.
Provirus
Viral DNA that has integrated into the host cell's chromosome.
Viral nucleic acids
The genetic material of viruses, which can be either DNA or RNA, but not both.
Bacteriophage
A type of virus that infects bacteria.
Satellite viruses
Viruses that require a helper virus for their replication.
Viroids
Infectious agents composed solely of RNA that can cause disease in plants.
Spikes
Protein structures on the surface of a virus that assist in attaching to host cells.
Retroviruses
Viruses that can convert their RNA genome into DNA using reverse transcriptase.
Viral replication cycle
The sequence of processes a virus undergoes to invade a host cell, replicate, and release new viral particles.