notes 1 cavours domestic policy

when was the statuto granted

March 1848

what was piedmonts most important political development

the statuto

what did the statuto do

legislation was passed with the consent of the king and the two chambers, legislation on taxes would be introduced by the elected chamber of parliament, press would be free but some restraint, individual liberty

how many people moved to turin and genoa in the 1850s

30,000

many who moved to genoa and turin in the 1850s were intellectuals for example...

Francesco Ferrara (economist) and Guiseppe Massari (journalist)

what party was guiseppe siccardi

centre-left

What were the laws restricting the power of the church called

Siccardi laws

when were the siccardi laws introduced

March 1850

did the church agree to the siccardi laws being passed

no

what was the main purpose of the siccardi laws

to reduce the power of the church

what did the siccardi laws do (1)

ecclesiastical law courts were abolished as article 5 stated that all justice emanates from the king

what impact did the siccardi laws have (1)

the importance of church members was taken away

what did the siccardi laws do (2)

the right of criminals to seek sanctuary and protection was abolished

what impact did the siccardi laws have (2)

it took away the place were the gov. does not have authority

what did the siccardi laws do (3)

religous groups including monasteries were restricted in their right to buy property

what did the siccardi laws do (4)

the number of feast days on which people were forbidden to work was decreased

what impact did the siccardi laws have (4)

the curch's power was restricted and the gov showed that they did not respect the church and their traditions

what impact did the siccardi laws have (3)

the church's power was limited

was cavour in favour of the siccardi laws

yes

when was Cavour appointed to d'Azeglio's government

1850

what party was d'Azeglio's government

centre-right

did the more conservative right approve of the siccardi laws

no

what was the aim of the siccardi laws

to modernise and to assert dominance of the state over the church, leaving the state in the ascendant

what was an effect of the siccardi laws

to identify the country with anti-clericalism/secularism

what was cabour made mister of in october 1850

trade and agriculture

what responsibilities did cavour gain soon after being appointed minister of trade and agriculture

shipping

what role was cavour given in april 1851

minister of finance

what did cavour do when he became minister of finance

immediately attempted to get rid of all debt and raise money for large scale projects

what bank did cavour borrow from in 1851

the banl of hambro in london

by the end of 1851 what countries had cavour signed trade treaties with

portugal, france, britain, belgium and other countries

why did cavour want lots of free trade treaties

to increase trade and profits

how did the introduction of trade treaties help piedmont

ensured political support and economic growth, the reduction in tarrifs resulted in a growth of trade

how much did imports an exports increase between 1850 and 1859

300%

what were the overall results of free trade

improved foreign relations, thriving economy, associate piedmont with a liberal identity

what did the connubio mean

the centre left and centre right work together when they can

who was the leader of the centre left party

Rattazi

what was the main consequence of the connubio

the strengthening of parliament in relation to the crown

what role did rattazi get in may 1852

president of the chamber of deputies

did the king approve of rattazi being the president of the chamber of deputies

no

why did d'Azeglio's gov collapse

no support and connubio

when did victor emmanuel ask cavour to become prime minister

november 1852

what happened in the 1857 election

the candidates of the centre right who hap sympathy with the church increased their vote

what effect did the increase of the centre rights vote have

the connubio was no longer helpful to cavour

cavour ended the connubio and

sacked rattazi

why did cavour change his attitude towards the church

to reduce the possibilities of alliances against his government

what did cavours influence identitfy imainstream talian politics with

anti-clericalism

what opinion did the members of the connubio share

anticlericalism

what did cavour do first when he became prime minister in 1852

dropped proposals in favour of civil amrriage

why did cavour drop proposals in favour of civil marriage

pressure from the king

what bill did cavour introduce in 1854-5

to shut down all moansteries and religous orders that were not involved in educational or charity work

why did the mosteries providing educational/charity etc... work help cavour

the church funded it meaning the gov didnt have to

who opposed cavours bill

the senate, king and papacy

did cavour pass the bill

yes but he had to dilute his policies so that the monks and nuns received pensions

how many monasteries were closed

334 out of 604

what is the definition of aggrandisement

furthering your country

what was cavours overall aim reflected throughout all of his policies

modernisation

what were cavours aims to make piedmont modernised

constitutional, magnet for radicals, liberalism, anticlericalism, economic development, political reform

what did cavour do when he found out there would be a mazzinian uprising in milan

he warned austria, who controlled milan

when was the uprising that cavour warned the austrians about

february 1853

what helped cavour prove that he was still anti austrian

the austrians seized the property of citizens of lombardy who had fled to piedmont

were mazzinis methods successful

no, he had failed multiple times and carlo pisacne tried in 1857 whilst mazzini led a revolt in genoa but both failed

did cavour support mazzinis methods

no, he saw that they were futile and was getting increasingly annoyed

was mazzini likely to cause any political change in italy

no

what method would be succesful to impact italy

politically and diplomatically

when was the textile industry established in italy

by mid 1840s

why were there restrictions on the growth of industry in north italy

there was a lack of coal

what did the lack of industrial growth mean for the textile industry

they were still mainly domestic and very labour intensive

how many employees did the silk industry have

60,000

how many employees were there in the cotton industry by 1844

114,000

what would the railways bring that would impact other industries

communication

what words describe cavours opinions of railways

obsessive and an enthusiast

what countries was cavour inspired by

britain and france

when did piedmont begin building railways

1845

when did cavour visit britain to see the railways

1835

what magazine did cavour write an article on railways in

Revue Novelle

what were cavours arguments in favour of railways

as important as the printing press, economic benefits, national consciousness and could be identified with a broader national interest, commit soon to be at the forefront as other italian states already had

which italian states had started building railways by 1846

naples, tuscany and lombardy

what did cavour think was an essential element of political power

economic leadership

what railway was opened in 1854

a line linking milan, turin (french border) and genoa (port)

when and where was a 13km railway built

through mount cenis in 1857

by the end of the 1850s how much railway was there in piedmont

approx. 850km which was over half of the tracks in the italian peninsula

how did railways help piedmont

they were more economically advanced and helped with trade

where was the majority of foreign capital invested from

france

name two banks in france that helped with the building of railways

Rotschild and Laffitte

who was fundamentak to piedmonts development and had a stake in their economic well being

France

how did the government providing money to enterprises help

there was significant growth

what important invention helped italy in 1853

the electric telegraph linking turin and paris

when did the building of canals start

1857

by 1859 how much debt was piedmont in

725 million lire

was cavour worried about piedmonts debt

no, he took a calculated risk and it would be easy to pay of due to the investments to infrastructure

describe piedmont by the end of the 1850s

they were italys foremost industrial region with good trading links to the rest of europe as they had developed massively

who introduced army reforms in piedmont and who was he

Alfonso La Marmora, the minister of war

what inspired alfonso la marmora

his travels in europe e.g.france

what did alfonso la marmora aim to do

get rid of 18th century practices and modernise the army

why did la marmora bring in new cavalry units

they could be quickly and easily moved and gave them more speed and better vantage points

what did la marmora focus on rather than just numbers

professionalism of military apparatus and latest military equipment

what did la marmora suggest in 1851

that the term of service in the army be extended

why did la marmora want the term of service in the army extended

so that they had more experience and were better at fighting

when was the term of service in the army extended

1854

what did la mamora improve

weaponry, training and army organisation