RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 2.3. RESTRICTIVE AND LUNG DISORDERS

Pulmonary Fibrosis

• Restrictive Lung Disorders

• are characterized by increasing stiffness (low compliance) of lung tissue, making it harder to inflate and increasing the work of breathing.

• Associated with progressive fibrosis caused by repeated and ongoing inflammation of the lungs.

• Pneumoconioses

Pneumoconioses

Interstitial lung disease that is caused by the inhalation of dust

Pneumonia

• Infection of the alveoli

• occurs when the pulmonary defense mechanisms fail to prevent inhaled or blood-borne microbe reaching and colonizing the lungs

• Reduced respiratory tract defenses • Damaged respiratory muscles • Painful coughing • Impaired ciliary action • Depressed pulmonary macrophage activity

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Causative organisms of Pneumonia

Tuberculosis (TB)

contagious disease that can infect anyone exposed

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

causes Tuberculosis

Pulmonary TB

• active TB infection that primarily affects the lungs

• Most common form of TB (≈85% of cases)

• Highly contagious via airborne droplet transmission

Non-pulmonary TB

• TB infection that occurs outside the lungs, often due to hematogenous or lymphatic spread.