Physics paper 1 combined

\_______ energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles that make up a system

internal

\= 0

5 x mass x (speed)^2

kinetic energy

\= force x distance

work

\= mass x gravitational field strenght x height

gravitational potential energy

\=useful energy output / total energy input

efficiency

1 sievert \= 1000

millisieverts

1,000,000 ohms

megaohm

1,000,000,000 watts

gigawatt

1/10000th of the radius of an atom where most of the mass is found

nucleus

1000 watts\=

kilowatt

1000,000 watts\=

megawatt

a circuit component that allows the resistance to be adjusted

variable resistor

a circuit component that lights up when a current flows through it

light emitting diode

a circuit component that only allows the current to flow in 1 direction

diode

a circuit component that reduces the current

resistor

a circuit component that will blow if the current is too high

a fuse

a circuit component that's resistance decreases as the light intensity increases

light dependent resistor

a circuit component that's resistance decreases as the temperature increases

thermistor

a measure of the electrical work done by a cell (measured in volts)

potential difference

a system of cable and transformers linking power stations to consumers

national grid

a type of circuit with more than one path

parallel

a type of circuit with only one path

series

absorption or emission of \-------- \-------- \-------- may cause electrons to change energy levels

electro magnetic radiation

an atom that has a positive or negative charge

ion

an energy resource that is being (or can be) replenished as it is used

renewable

an energy source that will run out and can't be replenished

non renewable

an object or group of objects

system

burning coal produces this acid rain causing gas

sulfur dioxide

caused by the particles of a gas colliding with the walls of a container

pressure

changes of state are this kind of change

physical change

colour of earth wire

yellow and green

colour of live wire

brown

colour of neutral wire

blue

different form of an element with a different number of neutrons

isotope

electricity supplied to homes at 230V and 50Hz

mains

energy cannot be \------- \-- \---------

created or destroyed

energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to gas

specific latent heat of vapourisation

energy required to change 1kg of a solid to liquid

specific latent heat of fusion

energy that is not transferred usefully is \---------- to the surroundings

dissipated

fuels that remove the same amount of carbon dioxide as they produce are

carbon neutral

generating energy from hot volcanic rocks

geothermal

how to reduce unwanted energy transfer due heat loss

thermal insulation

how to reduce unwanted energy transfer due to friction of moving parts

lubrication

in this state the atoms (or molecules) are close together and held by forced but can slide to new positions allowing the substance to flow

liquid

in this state the atoms (or molecules) are far apart and moving in a random motion

gas

in this state the atoms (or molecules) are held in fixed regular positions and held close together by strong forces

solid

model of an atom with electrons embedded in a positive sphere

plum pudding

negative part of an atom

electron

neutral part of the nucleus of an atom

neutron

positive part of the nucleus of an atom

proton

sulfur dioxide causes this problem for the environment

acid rain

the amount of energy needed required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius

specific heat capacity

the amount of energy required to 1 kg of a substance to change state

specific latent heat

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree celsius

specific heat capacity

the charge of an ion that has gained electrons

negative

the charge of an ion that has lost electrons

positive

the current in a circuit depends on the potential difference and the \----------

resistance

the current is not proportional to the potential difference in a \--- \----- conductor

non-ohmic

the current through an \----- conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference

ohmic

the energy stored by particles due to their kinetic and potential energy

internal energy

the higher the \------- \------------ of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material

thermal conductivity

the idea that there is the same amount of energy befire and after it is transferred

conservation of energy

the mass of a material for its volume

density

the number of protons in an atom

atomic number

the process of exposing an object to radiation

irradiation

the rate at which electrical charge flows around a circuit

electric current

the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done?

power

the time taken for half the radioactive nuclei to decay

half life

the unit for charge flow

coulombs

the unit for current

amps

the unit for resistance

ohms

this occurs when radiation creates ions

ionisation

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

mass number

type of energy stored in a stretched spring

elastic potential energy

type of radiation consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (helium nucleus)

alpha particle

type of radiation consisting of a high speed electron from the nucleus (neutron changes to proton)

beta particle

type of radiation consisting of electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus

gamma rays

unit for radiation dose

sievert, Sv

unit for radioactive activity

becquerel, Bq

used to decrease the potential difference for domestic use

step down transformer

used to detect radiation

geiger muller tube

used to increase the potential difference from the power station to the transmission cable

step up transformer

used to measure current on a circuit

ammeter

used to measure the potential difference on circuit

voltmeter

using a dam on a river to generate electricity

hydroelectricity

what is the unit for power?

watt

when a gas turns into a liquid

condensation

when a layer of gas is trapped between 2 layers of glass

double glazing

when a liquid turns into a gas at a certain temperature with bubbles forming in the liquid

boiling

when a liquid turns into a gas at any temperature

evaporation

when a liquid turns into a solid

freezing

when a solid turns into a gas

sublimation