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Accuracy
how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value
Atom
smallest particle of an element
Celsius
a temperature scale where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
chemical change
a process where substances transform into different substances with new properties
chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo chemical changes.
chemistry
study of the composition, properties,
and interactions of matter
compound
pure substance that can be
decomposed into two or more elements
cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc)
a unit of volume equal to a cube that measures 1 cm on each side
cubic meter (m3)
SI unit of volume
density
ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object
element
substance that is composed of a single
type of atom; a substance that cannot be
decomposed by a chemical change
exact number
number derived by counting or by definition
extensive property
property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample, such as mass or volume.
Fahrenheit
unit of temperature; water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F on this scale
gas
state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that consists of visibly different substances or phases
example of a heterogenous mixture
Salad, oil and water, or sand and salt.
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform composition and appearance throughout.
What is a homogenous mixture also known as?
A solution
intensive property
a property that does not depend on the amount of substance present
What are examples of intensive properties?
Density, color, boiling point, and melting point.
kelvin (K)
The SI unit of temperature, which measures absolute temperature and is based on the absolute zero scale.
kilogram (kg)
The SI unit of mass
Law
statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world
Solid
state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a constant volume
Symbolic domain
contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains
Symbolic domain examples
chemical symbols, chemical formulas
Temperature
intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter
Law of conservation of matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
What is length used to measure?
one dimension of an object
Liquid
state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape
Macroscopic domain
realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch
microscopic domain
realm of things that are much too small to be sensed/seen directly
Mass
indicates amount of matter in an object or substance
mixture
matter that can be separated into its components by physical ways
Molecule
bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
physical change
change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition
physical property
characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition
Precision
how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated
pure substance
homogeneous substance that has a constant composition
theory
a well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature
uncertainty
estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value
unit
standard of comparison for measurements
unit conversion factor
ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to
convert from one unit to a different unit
volume
the amount of space occupied by an object
weight
force that gravity exerts on an object
