CH.9 Joints & Articulations

Flashcards for reviewing joints and articulations lecture notes.

What are the two classifications for body joints?

Functional and Structural

Name the three types of structural classifications of joints.

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial

What determines the type and amount of movement that may occur at a joint?

The anatomical structure of a joint

What is a joint?

A point of contact between two or more bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bone

What are the two types of connective tissue involved in the structural classification of joints?

Dense irregular connective tissue and hyaline/fibrous cartilage

Distinguish between the three functional classifications of joints.

Synarthroses (no movement), Amphiarthroses (partially movable), and Diarthroses (freely movable)

Give examples of Synarthroses joints.

Sutures of the skull, gomphoses (teeth)

Give examples of Amphiarthroses joints.

Intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis

Fill in the blank: attach bone to bone.

Ligaments

Fill in the blank: attach muscle to bone.

Tendons

List the types of Fibrous Joints.

Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphoses

List the types of Cartilaginous Joints.

Synchondroses and Symphyses

What is the primary function of cartilage found at the ends of long bones?

Cushion joints and provide flexible support

List the SIX different types of Synovial Joints.

Hinge, Pivot, Gliding (plane), Saddle, Condyloid, Ball & Socket

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption

What are menisci?

Pads of fibrous cartilage situated between opposing bones within a synovial joint

What structures support, strengthen, and reinforce Synovial joints .

Ligaments

Describe the movement allowed by a Hinge joint.

Uniaxial: flexion-extension.

Describe the movement allowed by a Pivot joint.

Uniaxial: rotation.

Describe the movement allowed by an Ellipsoid joint.

Biaxial: flexion-extension, abduction- adduction.

Describe the movement allowed by a Saddle joint.

Biaxial: flexion-extension, abduction- adduction.

Describe the movement allowed by a Ball-and-socket joint.

Triaxial: flexion-extension, abduction- adduction, rotation.

What is the anatomical term for 'moving away from the longitudinal axis'?

Abduction

What is the anatomical term for 'movement toward the longitudinal axis'?

Adduction

What is the anatomical term for 'bending movement that decreases the angle'?

Flexion

Define 'Circumduction'.

Movement of the limb such that it describes a cone.

Define 'Supination'.

Rotating the forearm laterally such that the palm faces superiorly

Define 'Pronation'.

Rotating the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly

Define 'Inversion'.

Sole of the foot faces or turns medially

Define 'Eversion'.

Sole of the foot turns laterally

Define 'Opposition'.

To bring the thumb and index finger tips together

What type of tissue are ligaments and tendons composed of?

Dense regular connective tissue

What is the function of Tendon sheaths?

A tube-like bursae that wraps around tendons subject to a great deal of friction

What are bursae?

Fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid

List the movements allowed by the knee joint.

Flexion, extension, slight medial and lateral rotation

List the movements allowed by the Temporomandibular Joint.

Depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, lateral displacement, slight rotation

List the movements allowed by the Shoulder Joint.

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

List the movements allowed by the Elbow Joint.

Flexion and extension

List the movements allowed by the Hip Joint.

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

Give the classification and movement(s) of the Atlanto-occipital joint.

Synovial (ellipsoid). Flexion and extension of head; slight lateral flexion of head to either side.

What changes occur in joints as we age?

Decreased production of synovial fluid, thinning of articular cartilage, and loss of ligament length and flexibility

Define 'Arthroplasty'.

A surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint.