Coastal Management

Two types of coastal management

Traditional Vs Holistic

Traditional

Single, no integrated mitigation method, e.g. groynes, that then lead to TGS down drift, with no consideration

Holistic

Values all of the stakeholders, makes schemes work together

Example of holistic

Shoreline Management Plan

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Hard engineering

High cost physical changes to the coastline

Soft engineering

Working alongside the natural processes, sparse and low value, volunteer schemes

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

One plan for entire coastal zone, consider all stakeholders

Based around sustainable development where environment > economy

Look further into the long term changes in the area

Shoreline Management Plan

Uk Scheme, 22 plans, not to do with sediment cells

Holderness = SMP 3

Aim of long term sustainability

Schemes typically in an SMP

Hold the line = most

Majority = no intervention

Advance the line = rare

Controlled retreat = rare

Benefit of controlled retreat

Lead to creation of Saltmarsh / Mudflats

New ecosystem and biodiversity

Cost benefit analysis

Comparing the costs of the project vs what benefits it will bring

Costs can be Tangible or Intangible

Tangible: Physical price and value of property

Intangible: Impact on tourism, local environment, attraction and visuals, aesthetic affect etc

Cost benefit analysis incorporate

Anyone who is impacted by the scheme

Groynes

Trap sediment in the downdrift direction

Groynes pros cons

Pros: Work with natural processes, protect land

Cons: Damage visual appeal of beach, Terminal Groyne Syndrome

Groynes cost

£10000 each, every 200m

Sea Wall

Reflect and block wave energy, often with a promenade on top

Sea wall pros and cons

Pros: Prevent erosion, new attraction

Cons: Expensive, Intrusive and unnatural

Sea Wall cost

£6000 / metre

Rip Rap

Rock armour, present the erosion, absorb the wave energy,

Rip Rap pros and cons

Pros: Cheap and easy, low maintenance, new attraction for sunbathe and fish

Cons: Can be dangerous, slips trips and falls, Intrusive

Rip Rap cost

£2000 / metre

Gabion

Small metal cages filled with rocks

Gabions pros and cons

Pros: Very cheap, structural

Cons: Sharp and can cut, Ugly

Gabions Cost

Cheap, £300 / metre

Wooden Revetment

Large open slow structure, trap sediment below it

Wooden Revetment pros and cons

Pros: Cheap, prevent erosion behind

Cons: Ugly, Intrusive, High Maintenance

Beach Nourishment

Addition of sediment, higher and wider, dredge the shore

Beach Nourishment pros and cons

Pros: Cheap and easy, looks Natural, Increases tourists

Cons: Have to close beach, constant maintenance needed

Cliff reshape and drainage

Reduce risk of mass movement by adjusting cliff - shallower

Cliff reshape and drainage pros and cons

Pros: Effective on clay, cost effective

Cons: Only tackles one problem, cliff retreat

Dune stabilisation

Plants and structure added to a sand dune to prevent collapse or excess sediment movement

Dune stabilisation pros and cons

Pros: Natural coast aided, support ecosystem

Cons: Time consuming, people may feel negative about limited access

Marsh Creation

Create a marsh through retreat

March creation pros and cons

Pros: Cheap, create a huge ecosystem, natural buffer

Cons: Land is lost, compensation can be expensive

Offshore breakwater

Artificial landform to absorb wave energy and prevent erosion, partially submerged

Offshore breakwater pros and cons

Pros: Effective, promenade,

Cons: Visually unappealing, hazard to boats