Study Guide BATIS — Sources in Philippine History

Vocabulary flashcards covering the study of history, primary and secondary sources, and the detailed records of Magellan's voyage as presented in the lecture notes.

History

Derived from the Greek word "istoria" meaning "learning," later associated with the Latin scientia (science), and commonly defined as "the past of mankind."

Historian

A person who studies the past, draws insights from human beliefs and practices, identifies patterns, and helps solve present problems using lessons from the past.

Louis Gottschalk

The author of Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method ($1950$) who provided classic definitions of history and sources.

Primary Source

Material produced by individuals directly involved in an event as participants or eyewitnesses.

Secondary Source

The testimony of someone who was not present at an event; it serves to interpret primary sources through materials like books and articles.

Authenticity

The quality of whether a historical source is genuine or real.

Credibility

The quality of whether a historical source can be trusted or believed.

Provenance

The origin or historical record of ownership of a specific source.

Robert B. Fox

The archaeologist and author of The Tabon Caves ($1970$) whose account of the excavation is considered a primary source.

William Henry Scott

The author of Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History ($1984$) whose work is considered a secondary source because it interpreted Fox's findings.

Tabon Cave

A site on the west coast of Palawan where fossil remains known as "Tabon Man," dated between $22,000$ and $50,000$ years ago, were discovered.

Perspective

The point of view or standpoint of the writer or witness of a historical event.

Fall of Constantinople

A $1453$ event where the Ottoman Empire closed the Silk Road land trade route, forcing Europeans to seek new sea routes to Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan

The captain-general of the expedition who sought a westward route to Asia and was killed in the Battle of Mactan in $1521$.

Antonio Pigafetta

The Italian assistant and chronicler from Vicenza who kept the most detailed journal of the Magellan expedition and was one of only $18$ survivors.

Juan Sebastian Elcano

The individual who took command of the ship Victoria after the death of Magellan and completed the circumnavigation back to Spain.

Enrique de Malacca

The slave and interpreter of Magellan who assisted in communication with native populations.

Lapu-Lapu

The chieftain of Mactan who defeated Magellan's forces and refused to trade with or submit to the Spaniards.

Raia Colambu

The king of Mazaua and Butuan who befriended Magellan and attended the first Mass in the Philippines.

Homonhon

The island where the expedition found water and gold, named "Acquada da li buoni Segnialli" or "Watering-place of good Signs."

Mazaua

The location of the First Mass in the Philippines, held on Easter Sunday, March $31$, $1521$.

The Victoria

The only ship out of the original five to complete the full voyage back to Spain, arriving in September $1522$.

Casa de la Contratación

The Spanish government office in charge of overseeing and organizing voyages to the New World.

Sobresalientes

Also known as "supernumeraries," these were men from prominent families who joined the expedition for adventure or military advancement rather than as regular crew.

Casi casi

A native term meaning "brother," used to describe the relationship established through a blood compact.

Caphri

A term used by Pigafetta meaning "heathen," referring to non-Muslim and non-Christian natives.

Uraca

A local term referring to palm wine, also known as arrack.

Betel

A leaf chewed with areca nut and lime, noted by Pigafetta as a common native custom.