Unification of Germany and Italy Chapter 24.3 (most)

unifcation

the joining of separate parts into one

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Also known as Austria-Hungary, or the Hapsburg Empire, as it was ruled by the Habsburg monarchy from 1867 to 1918. Austria-Hungary extended over most of central Europe. It was composed the modern day countries of Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, as well as parts of present-day Poland, Romania, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Russification

the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire

Camillo di Cavour

The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state.

Victor Emmanuel

Sardinia's monarch who helped unite Italy

Sardinia

southern-most large island in the Tyrrhenian Sea west of Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882).

Red Shirts (Italy)

Group of Italian volunteers started by Giuseppe Garibaldi. They fought in the Italian
Unification War and are most famous for their siege of Rome. They were also proud Italian Nationalist
and had very liberal ideas.

German Confederation

consisted of 38 sovereign states recognized by the Vienna settlement, and was dominated by Austria and Prussia (b/c of their size); the confederation had little power and needed the consent of all 38 states to take action.

Junkers

Prussian nobles

Otto von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)

William I

The Leader of Prussia who wanted military expansion, and hired Bismarck to further his goals

realpolitik

realistic politics based on the needs of the state

Blood and Iron

policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany

Schleswig-Holstein

Two duchies located south of Denmark. In 1863 Schleswig was annexed by Denmark prompting Bismarck's Danish War.

Seven Week's War

In 1866 Bismarck provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia, and then in very efficient manner Prussia, with the use of new technology, shocked the world by quickly defeating Austria in seven weeks.

Franco-Prussian War

This was a major war between the French and the Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany. It was caused by Otto Von Bismarck altering a telegram from the Prussian King to provoke the French into attacking Prussia, thus hoping to get the independent German states to unify with Prussia (which they did, thus creating Germany).

Ems Dispatch

A message from William I of Prussia to Napoleon III which brought France into the Franco Prussian war.

Kaiser

German emperor

German Empire

Unified by Bismark of Prussia, the German empire was created after the Franco-Prussian war. This Empire evolved into Germany, which played a key part in both WWI and WWII.