9
In 1969, NASA launched Apollo ________, which conducted critical tests of its lunar module in Earth orbit; and Apollo 10, which all but landed on the moon, bringing its crew within a few miles of the lunar surface.
artificial satellite
This was the world's first ________, orbiting the Earth in 96.17 minutes and weighing 83 kg.
launch of Sputnik
The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that converged with the October 4, 1957 ________ 1 by the Soviet union.
Rapid advances
________ were made in rocketry, materials science, and other areas.
INF Treaty
The ___ _______ was the first arms-control pact to require an actual reduction in nuclear arsenals rather than merely restricting their proliferation.
45
After __ years, the cold war ended.
United States
the space race was widely believed to have been won by the __________ __________