Geodetic Engineering Board Examination Reviewer - Subject 1: Laws and Regulations

Property

Anything which is or may be the object of appropriation according to Article $414$ of the New Civil Code.

Immovable by Nature

Those which cannot be moved or transferred from place to place, such as lands and roads.

Immovable by Incorporation

Those attached to an immovable in such a manner as to form an integral part thereof, such as trees or buildings fixed to the soil.

Immovable by Destination

Movable objects placed in an immovable for its use, exploitation, or perfection, such as machinery intended by the owner for an industry carried on in a building.

Immovable by Analogy

Properties considered immovables by operation of law, such as contracts for public works and real rights over immovable properties.

Properties of Public Dominion

Those intended for public use (roads, canals, rivers) or public service and the development of national wealth.

Patrimonial Property

Properties of the State, provinces, cities, or municipalities which are not intended for public use or public service and can be disposed of to private individuals.

Ownership

The independent right of exclusive enjoyment and control of a thing for the purpose of deriving all advantages allowed by law and the rights of others.

Jus utendi

The right to use a property.

Jus fruendi

The right to the fruits of a property.

Jus abutendi

The right to consume a thing by its use.

Jus dispodendi

The right to dispose, alienate, encumber, or destroy the property.

Jus vindicandi

The right of action available to the owner to recover the property against the holder or possessor.

Doctrine of Self-Help

The right of an owner or lawful possessor to use reasonably necessary force to repel an unlawful physical invasion or usurpation of property.

Accession

The right pertaining to the owner of a thing over everything which is produced thereby, or which is incorporated or attached thereto, either naturally or artificially.

Natural Fruits

The spontaneous products of the soil and the young and other products of animals.

Industrial Fruits

Those produced by lands of any kind through cultivation or labor.

Civil Fruits

Rents of buildings, price of leases of lands, and the amount of perpetual or life annuities.

Alluvion

The gradual accretion which lands adjoining the banks of rivers, creeks, or lakes receive from the effect of the current of the water.

Avulsion

Accretion that occurs when the current of a river segregates a known portion of land from an estate and transfers it to another; the original owner retains ownership if removed within $$20000000000000000000