Unit 8: The Large Intestine, Metabolism of Nutrients, Digestive Disorders (Module 3)

ileocecal sphincter

sphincter in between the small and large intestine

smooth MT

the internal anal sphincter is made of _____

skeletal MT

the external anal sphincter is made of _____

villi or plicae (circular folds)

unlike the small intestine, the large intestine has no ______ in the epithelial tissue of the mucosa.

teniae coli

draw string of the large intestine that causes the segmentation of the colon

haustra

segmentations of the colon

epiploic/omental appendages

adipose accumulations attached to the tenae coli

gastroileal reflex

distention of the stomach causes increased peristalsis which moves chyme from the ileum into the cecum

relax ileocecal sphincer and release of gastrin

how does the gastroileal reflex increase peristalsis?

Mucus

what is secreted in the large intestine (mucus/enzymes/both?)

amino acids and carbohydrates

what do the bacteria break down?

flatulence

fancy name for farts

gastrocolic reflex

strong wave of peristalsis pushes feces into the rectum; stimulated by food in the stomach

defecation reflex

as feces enters the rectum, stretch receptors are activated, activating parasymp fibers in the sacral region of spinal cord, send impulses to descending, signmoid colon, rectum, and anus; relaxation of internal anal sphincter (due to stimulation and pressure)

diarrhea

if chyme moves too quickly through the small and large intestine it causes…

constipation

if chyme moves too slowly through the small intestine and large intestine it causes…

stress, medications, microbes

diarrhea can be caused by…

stress, medications, too low fiber, too low water

constipation can be caused by…