Systems Pathology Exam 2 - Cartilage-forming tumors (pg 30-46)

what type of cartilage formation is clear, glass-like?

hyaline

what type of cartilage formation is mucus-like?

myxoid

are cartilage forming tumors more benign or malignant?

benign

3 main types of cartilage-forming tumors

osteochondroma (exostosis), chondroma (enchondroma), chondrosarcoma

what type of cartilage forming tumor is a benign, cartilage capped outgrowth (hyaline)

osteochondroma (exostosis)

who gets osteochondromas?

males age 10-30

MC places to find osteochondromas

long bone metaphysis, near growth plate (MC in knee)

Multiple osteochondromas

Hereditary Multiple Exostosis (multiple hereditary osteochondroma)

types of osteochondromas

sessile or pedunculated

what type of cartilage-forming tumors is a benign tumor of hyaline cartilage ?

enchondroma (chondroma)

enchondroma

medullary

Juxtacortical chondroma

cortical

who gets enchondromas?

20-50 years

multiple enchondromas due to sporadic mutations

Ollier's disease

MC location for enchondromas

proximal digits and metacarpals

hallmarks of enchondromas

gray-blue nodules of hyaline cartilage, lucency, possible AVN in center

are enchondromas symptomatic?

no

what cartilage-forming tumor is malignant and the 2nd MC primary bone cancer?

chondrosarcoma

who gets chondrosarcomas?

40-60 year old males

MC locations for chondrosarcomas

intramedullary or juxtacortical

chondrosarcomas mass appearance

glistening

what type of chondrosarcoma is MC, slow growing and small, thickens cortex, and has a favorable prognosis?

low-grade

what type of chondrosarcoma is a large mass which erodes cortex, has high radiolucency, and a poorer prognosis

high-grade