CPB History
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37 Terms
Who developed the idea of isolated organ perfusion to the mammalian heart?
Starling in 1915
Who discovered heparin?
McLean in 1915 - med student
Who thought to use a roller pump to displace blood along tubing?
DeBakey
Who demonstrated use of hypothermia to decrease metabolism?
Bigelow and Swan
Who developed the first heart lung machine?
Gibbon (1937)
Who discovered protamine?
Chargoff/Olson (1937)
Who performed a closer of a secondum ASD with inflow occlusion and moderate hypothermia?
Dr. John Lewis in 1953
When did Gibbon first do a successful atrial septal defect repair with extracorporeal circulation and oxygenation?
May 6 1953
What was the Gibbon CPB?
Gibbon-IBM
What helps decrease collateral flow?
Having a lower flow
What is autologous lung bypass?
Arterial cannulae placed in pulmonary artery to bypass the heart but tale advantage of oxygenation in the lungs
What is controlled cross circulation?
Using a parent as the child’s CPB machine
Why didn’t autologous lung bypass work?
Cannulae were in the way and kinked easily
How many operations of controlled cross circulation had been completed by 1954?
45 operations
Who performed the first successful open heart surgery?
Walton Lillehei in 1950s
Who developed ides of med devices like pacemakers and heart valves?
Lillehei
Who developed cross-circulation technique?
Lillehei
What is the function of rotating screens and disks in film oxygenators?
Immersed the films through blood pools in an effort to increase efficiency
What are bubbler oxygenators?
Add O2 and remove Co2 through bubbling pure oxygen through a blood pool
What type of bubbles were good for improving oxygenation?
Small bubbles
What were the 4 major advances of bubble oxygenators?
Identification of silicone based defoaming compounds
Discovery that large bubbles remove CO2
Spread of bubbled blood over defoamer was effective at removing bubbles
Development of disposable equipment
What had the greatest impact on CPB?
Membrane oxygenation - venous blood turned red flowing through long cellophane tubes
What are ideal characteristics for membrane lung?
Membrane surface very thin
What immune response can CPB induce?
SIRS
Who performed 1st valve surgery?
Dr. Charles Bailey
Who did animal perfusion?
John Gibbon
Who developed plastic valve for aortic valve replacement?
Dr. Hufnagel
Who developed caged ball valve replacements?
Starr
Who developed bubble oxygenator?
DeWall
Who performed the first CABG?
Dr Garrett in 1964
Who performed 1st heart transplant?
Dr. Christian Barnard 1967
Who made the 1st artificial heart?
Dr. Denton Cooley in 1969
What drug is essential for heart transplants?
Cyclosporine A
What is cyclosporine A?
A fungal-derived cyclic peptide that acts as an immunosuppressant
What is RAP?
Retrograde autologous priming (for cardioplegia)
What is VAP?
Venous antegrade prime
Which can you do first, VAP or RAP?
RAP because arterial line goes in first