TERMINOLOGIES PART 1

COOLING LOAD TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

a method used to estimate the cooling load or heating load of a building by using an equivalent temperature difference to calculate the instantaneous external cooling load across a wall or roof

SOLAR COOLING LOAD

based on the solar radiation heat gain entering through the glass and the effect of the room surfaces and furnishings in absorbing and transmitting the radiant heat.

COOLING LOAD FACTOR

represents the ratio of the cooling load at a specific time to the total heat gain from earlier in the day, helping determine the appropriate size of an air conditioning system.

LATITUDE

measurement of a location north or south of the Equator

LONGITUDE

measurement of location east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich (an imaginary north-south line that passes through both geographic poles and Greenwich, London, England, U.K.)

ALTITUDE

the height of something, typically above sea level or a reference point, and is a crucial concept in aviation, geography, and other fields.

CLEARNESS FACTOR

is a ratio of measured global solar radiation to extraterrestrial solar radiation, providing insight into atmospheric conditions and solar energy potential at a specific location.

DAILY RANGE

the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures recorded during a 24-hour period.

OUTDOOR DRY BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature of the outside air measured by a standard thermometer exposed to the air but shielded from moisture and radiation. It represents the ambient air temperature and is typically used in HVAC calculations.

OUTDOOR WET BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature measured outside using a thermometer with a wet wick around its bulb, representing the lowest temperature air can reach through evaporative cooling. It indicates both temperature and humidity.

HUMIDITY RATIO

is the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air in a given air sample

INDOOR DRY BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature of the indoor air measured without accounting for humidity. It reflects the actual air temperature inside a space and is crucial for comfort and system contro

INDOOR WET BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature measured indoors using a moistened thermometer bulb. It reflects both the air temperature and indoor humidity, and it's used in psychrometric and HVAC system analysis.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

a measure of the actual amount of water vapor in the air compared to the total amount of vapor that can exist in the air at its current temperature.

HEATING

this process lowers the temperature of a substance or environment, typically achieved by removing heat.

COOLING

this process increases the temperature of a substance or environment, typically achieved by adding heat.

HUMIDIFICATION

this process increases the amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air

HUMIDIFICATION

this process increases the amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air.

DEHUMIDIFICATION

this process reduces the amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air.

CORRUGATED GALVANIZED IRON

RUST CONVERTER / VINEGAR (1:1 WITH WATER BEFORE PAINTING) - remove rust and prevent further corrosion

GALVANIZING

is a process of coating iron or steel with zinc in order to provide greater protection against corrosion for the iron or steel base

LONG SPAN ROOF

FLAT, USED IN WAREHOUSE

CEILING

the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment

SUSPENDED CEILING

also known as a dropped or false ceiling, is a secondary ceiling installed below the main structural ceiling, using a grid framework to support lightweight panels or tiles, often used to conceal utilities and improve acoustics.

FELT MEMBRANE/ WATER PROOFING

a layer of water-resistant material, often tar paper or synthetic underlayment, installed between the roof deck and the final roofing material (like shingles or tiles) to protect against water infiltration and other weather conditions

SLAG AND STONE

"slag" refers to the waste material or by-product of metal smelting or refining, often a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide, while "stone" generally refers to naturally occurring, solid, mineral aggregate

PLENUM - CEILING AIR SPACE

referring to the space between a dropped ceiling and the structural ceiling, used for air circulation in HVAC systems and often housing utilities like cabling and ductwork.

INSULATION

used to reduce heat loss or gain in buildings and other structures, improving energy efficiency, comfort, and potentially reducing costs.

HEAVY WEIGHT CONCRETE

characterized by a density exceeding 2600 kg/m³, is used for applications requiring high density and radiation shielding, such as nuclear facilities and radiation rooms, by utilizing heavy aggregates like barite or magnetite

MASS LOCATION

refers to the placement of thermal mass (materials that store heat) relative to the insulation, and whether the insulation is placed inside or outside the thermal mass to optimize thermal performance and comfort.

THERMAL MASS

Materials like concrete, brick, or stone have high thermal mass, meaning they can absorb and store a significant amount of heat.

INSIDE INSULATION

insulation involves adding insulation to the inside of a building's walls

OUTSIDE INSULATION

insulation involves adding insulation to the outside of the walls

PRINCIPAL MATERIAL

generally refers to the most important or primary substance or thing used to create something, or the main focus or essence of something

OUTSIDE SURFACE RESISTANCE

account for the heat transfer resistance at the exterior of a building element

ACOUSTIC TILE

a type of ceiling treatment that is designed to reduce noise and improve the acoustics in a room

INSIDE SURFACE RESISTANCE

account for the heat transfer resistance at the interior of a building element

PRESSURIZATION FLOW

- In physics and engineering, "pressure flow" refers to the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) driven by a pressure difference, where fluids flow from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. - HIGH TO LOW

HEAT FLOW

Heat naturally flows from hot objects to cold objects, a fundamental principle of thermodynamics, not the other way around - HOT TO COLD, HIGH TO LOW

AIR BALANCING

the process of adjusting airflow through a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to achieve the desired temperature, humidity, and air quality.

AIR CURTAIN

also known as an air door, is a machine that blows a controlled stream of air across an opening to the other side to create an air seal

FCU - Fan Coil Unit

terminal units that heat or cool air

ACCU - Air-Cooled Condensing Unit

are part of the cooling system that rejects heat.

INVERTER AIR CONDITIONING UNIT

Inverter units are technological devices used to transform alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). - AC TO DC, LESSER VOLTS WHEN RUNNING - 220 V TO 12V OR 24V

VFD - Variable Frequency Drive

- is an electronic device that controls the speed and torque of an AC motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to it.

Frequency = Hz

(cycles / sec)

AIR MIXING

In HVAC, air mixing involves blending different air streams to achieve desired temperature, humidity, and air quality. Supply, return, and outdoor air are combined to create a uniform mixture. Air mixing methods include mixing boxes, diffusers, grilles, and utilizing the Venturi effect.

REINFORCED CONCRETE BARS

steel rods embedded in concrete to enhance its tensile strength and prevent cracking, making it a crucial component in reinforced concrete structures.

MORTAR

binds masonry units like bricks and stones

PLASTER

provides a smooth, protective, and often decorative finish to interior and exterior walls.

Concrete Hollow Blocks

CHBs are concrete blocks with hollow spaces (cores) that make them lighter and easier to handle than solid concrete blocks