special populations starred terms

what specific anatomy is included in uretheral orifice/uretheral glands

skenes glands

what organs are organs in the vagina closely related to

pelvic region organs

what are the parts of the uterus 

fundus 

body

isthmus

cervix → os 

what are the 3 uterine wall layers 

perimetrium 

myometrium

endometrium 

what are the 3 layes of endometrium

basal layer

spongiosa layer

compacta layer

how thick is the uterus

1.5 inches

what are the parts of the fallopian tubes 

isthmus 

ampulla 

infundibulum 

what is the flow of the uterus to ovaries

uterus → isthmus → ampulla → infundibulum

what makes up the broad ligament

mesosalpinx

mesovarium

mesometrium

what are glandular tissues in the breast 

alveoli 

lobules

lobe

duct

sinus

areola

nipple

when should breast self exams be performed

4-5 days of LMP

every cycle

what should the pt take not of during breast palpation 

smooth tissue/thickening

masses/nodules/lumps

single/multiple

mobile

well defined

painful/nonpainful

nipple discharge

what can cause benign breast changes

hormonal fluctuations

lumps

mastalgia

nipple discharge

what is the pathogenesis of fibroadenoma

benign and solid growth in breast tissue

early to late 20’s

what ist he treatment for intraductal papilloma

remove duct and papilloma 

what is the treatmetn for mammary duct ectasia

can resolve on its own

what does green nipple discharge indicate

sedative

what does bloody nipple discharge indicate 

intraductal papilloma 

intraductal carcinoma 

when should a pt aged 40-44 get a mammography

can begin annual screenings if they wish

risks and benefits of screening should be considered

how many haploid oocytes are involved in fertilization

23 (all x)

what happens to the morula during cleavage

16 cells after 72 hours

what is the syncytiotrophoblastic layer called

lacunae

when is the placental fully formed by

14 weeks of gestation

what does facilitative diffusion require 

a carrier like glucose 

when does yolk sac hematopoiesis occur

week 1-6

what does teh foramen ovale do 

allow fetal blood to skip the lungs 

where does blood in the inferior vena cava go to

right atrium

where does blood in the pulmonary trunk go to

aortic arch via ductus arteriosus

what does the umbilical vein turn into following birth 

ligamentum teres 

what happens at week 7 in terms of fetal development

genitals

what happens week 20-24 in terms of fetal development

eyes

what maternal conditions can adversely affect the fetus 

alcoholism 

diabetes

endocrinopathies

smoking

nutritional problems 

what does the umbilical cord carry to the placenta

deoxygenated blood and wastes

what does the foramen ovale do

allow fetal blood to skip the lungs

what is obsterics

branch of medicine that studies management of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and post partum care

what is gynecology 

branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the female reproductive system including breast disease 

what is meant by multigravida

woman who is pregnant for at least the second time

what is meant by para

number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus at at least 20 weeks gestation

what is meant by parturient period 

time surrounding childbirth 

refers specifically to the period of giving birth or the period of about to give birth 

what hormone does the posterior pituitary release

oxytocin

what hormone does the ovarian follicle release

estrogen

what hormone does the corpus luteum release 

progesterone 

what is the ovarian hormone effect in ovulation

growing follicles begin to produce high levels of estradiol which stimulates GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus 

LH and FSH levels rise resulting in ovulation about a day later 

cause endometrium to thicken 

when does the luteal phase occur

day 14-28

what happens during the secretory phase 

corpus luteum produces progesterone and small amounts of estrogen 

production of uterine milk 

what is assocaited with mensturation (generally)

follicular phase

vasoconstriction of arteries

ischemia

necrosis

release of prostaglandin

relaxation of arterioles

elevation of leukocytes

formation of fibrinolysin

what cervical changes are associated with the follicular phase

opening of Os

secretion of watery cervical mucus 

alkaline 

“spinnbarkeit”

“ferning pattern” 

“arborization” 

how often should a pregnant woman be coming for prenatal care during weeks 28-35 

twice a month 

what tests are done in th efirst trimester

chorionic villi sampling

STDs

toxoplasmosis

fetal heart tone (doppler)

what is chorionic villi sampling specifically screening for

down syndrome

tay sachs

what risks can gonorrhea pose to a pregnancy 

gonococcal opthalmia (silver nitrate in the eyes) 

what are the sensitization events associated with Rh

delivery

miscarriage

abortion

trauma during pregnancy

aminocentesis, CVS

manual removal of placenta

what are the effects of Rh on the fetus

erythroblastosis fetalis

hemolytic anemia

hemorrhage

accumulation of fluid

heart failure

intrauterine or early neonatal death

what kind of nuchal translucency tests are there 

aminocentesis 

glucose test 

what kind of ultrasond is done int he first trimester

transvaginal

when is aminocentesis done

16-20 weeks

what values are we looking for on a glucose tolerance test 

1 hour <180 

2 hours <155 

3 hours <140 

what tests are done in the third trimester

group b streptococcus

fetal movement monitoring

what do we do for a non-stress test

evaluate fetal heart

what are the cervical cancer guidelines for a pt 30-65 years old 

have co-test (pap+HPV) every 5 years

or 

pap test alone every 3 years

what are we assessing with external observation during a pelvic exam

nodules

mass

pain

palpation of bartholins glands