Pathogens - reservoir + treatment

Salmonella

Treatment: Self-limiting, only occasional cases require antibiotics

Reservoirs: Gastrointestinal tracts of farm animals, wild animals (birds, reptiles), pets and zoos animals, human after infection

Listeria monocytogenes

Reservoir: ubiquitous in the environment (water, soil, sewage sludge, etc)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae

Reservoir: ubiquitous and indigenous in aquatic environments -> seafood

Bacillus cereus

Reservoir: survival and biofilm formation, animals --> raw milk, vegetable origin (grains, rice, spices, vegetables)
Commonly found in: starchy products, like boiled or fried rice, dried foods, milk and dairy products, sauces, pastuerised vegetable based meals

Campylobacter jejuni

Treatment: self limiting, fluids as long as diarrhea lasts, antibiotics

Reservoir: gastrointestinal tract of poultry, cattle, pigs, wild birds, rodents, and flies -> detected in 25-80% poultry, common in raw milk

Escherichia coli (Shiga-toxin producing)

Treatment: No treatment available, antibiotics will promotes the production of the toxin

Reservoir: Cattle major reservoir, cattle is asymptomatic, meat contact with animal feces during slaughter and processing, vegetables through fertiliser or irrigation water

Aflatoxin

Reservoir: corn, peanuts, and soybeans --> oil

Ochratoxin

Reservoir: nuts, beans, and dried fruit, meat and fish (colder regions)

Patulin

reservoir: Moldy fruit, especially apples and pears

Norovirus, Hepatitis A

Non-zoonotic

Treatment: Self-limiting, oral fluids

Bivalve molluscan shellfish, contaminated sea water, pathogen concentration

Contaminated irrigation water, attachment to fresh produce which general washing cannot remove

Hepatitis E

Zoonotic transmission